2018 NOVEMBER PHILIPPINE BAR EXAM RESULTS

The Philippine Bar Exam, held annually since 1901 is the only professional licensure exam in the Philippines that is not run by the Philippine Professional Regulatory Commission (PRC).  It is exclusively administered by the Philippine Supreme Court. Since 2011 it has been held at the University of Santo Tomas every November.

It is a grueling exam, not only for its length and in the toll it takes on both the examinees and the examiners.  The review period normally starts during summer of the year and continues until November when the examinees take four day-long exams every Sunday of said month.  The Bar exam covers eight subjects: Political Law; Labor Law; Civil Law; Tax Law; Commercial Law; Criminal Law; Remedial Law and Legal Ethics.

The 2018 Bar exam was chaired by Justice Mariano Del Castillo and involved the most number of examinees in bar history--8,155 examinees took the exam.  1,800 eventually passed, or 22.07% of all examinees.

The following is the full list of bar passers.

1	ABAD, Geronimo M.
2	ABAD, Jerry Kent O.
3	ABAD, Kristannico S.
4	ABAD, Manolette Kyla S.
5	ABAD, Sharel Ann N.
6	ABAJON, Michael
7	ABALORIO, Shaniz A.
8	ABAPO, Shelumiel Ryan B.
9	ABARCAR, Samuel John Domjoe M.
10	ABESAMIS, Jose Enrico J.
11	ABLOLA, Gabriel C.
12	ABOG, Lester O.
13	ABONADO, Bomrad Soc R.
14	ABRERA-MARCUAP, Toni Rose P.
15	ABRILLO, Jose Miguel C.
16	ABRINA, Raphael L.
17	ABUAN, Maricel C.
18	ABUNALES, Hanna Juvenil M.
19	ACAL, Neil James S.
20	ACEBEDO, Caesar Leocadio P.
21	ACERO, Johnnil Fatima B.
22	ACEVEDO, Lee Ivy L.
23	ACIDO, Patricia Nicole Y.
24	ACOSTA, Athena Nicolette C.
25	ACOSTA, Jeffrey J.
26	ACUDILI, Rowena M.
27	ACUÑA, Michelle Ann M.
28	ACUÑA, II, Crescente D.
29	ADAG, JR., Ponciano E.
30	ADINA, Angelo Ray A.
31	ADORNA, Felix Jansen C.
32	ADRANEDA, Mariz
33	ADVINCULA, Christian Paul L.
34	AFRICA, Amabel Kay L.
35	AGAMAO, Brenn Jay-ar R.
36	AGANTAL, Jamel M.
37	AGAPITO, Clarisa Anne S.
38	AGATEP, Dominic Loren R.
39	AGBAYANI, Christopher P.
40	AGBISIT, Ralph S.
41	AGCAOILI, David Levy M.
42	AGDEPPA, Lew Daniel T.
43	AGLIAM, Alma Jane C.
44	AGLIAM, Christy Faith V.
45	AGRA, Jeare B.
46	AGRA, Jessica Marie L.
47	AGUDO, Karina Antonette A.
48	AGUILAR, Barney B.
49	AGUILAR, Mariper B.
50	AGUILAR, Nikita Lorette M.
51	AGUJAR, Benedict R.
52	AGUNOY, Marianne Carmel B.
53	AGUSTIN, Adrian S.
54	AGUSTIN, Nadine Patriziah D.
55	AGUTAYA, Ma. Angeli Graciella W.
56	AJUJI, Ramida I.
57	ALAGANO, Pert A.
58	ALARCON, Regine M.
59	ALBA, I, Francisco Viceni G.
60	ALBA, II, Francisco Viceni, Ii G.
61	ALBANO, Mathew Nikkolas O.
62	ALBAO, Myk Xavier L.
63	ALBAÑA, Ann Danzel P.
64	ALBERTO, Ryan Maximin L.
65	ALBURO, Katherine Louise S.
66	ALCANCIA, Andrea Claire G.
67	ALCANTARA, Eric M.
68	ALCANTARA, Kirk Guille M.
69	ALCANTARA, Marie Catherine S.
70	ALCANTARA, Rhiza S.
71	ALCANTARA, Shinji M.
72	ALCARAZ, Isabelle Rose B.
73	ALCUDIA, Ina Adria A.
74	ALDAY, JR., Enrico H.
75	ALDEZA, Marisse D.
76	ALFAD, Nefertiti O.
77	ALFAR, Shaneen Ray M.
78	ALI, Mathniya S.
79	ALIMAN, JR., Florencio B.
80	ALIMBUYOG, Aldrin P.
81	ALLAMA, Haidisheena A.
82	ALMACIN, Aubrey Venus J.
83	ALMADA, Gracel P.
84	ALMERO, Kyle L.
85	ALMIRANTE, Jose Emmanuel T.
86	ALPAS, Francis Anthony Cris C.
87	ALPECHE, Jill C.
88	ALPUERTO, Carl Dominic A.
89	ALQUIROZ-AGUILAR, Niña Feren P.
90	ALSIM, Cheryl D.
91	ALTEA, Jazmin D.
92	ALVAREZ, Joseph Christian N.
93	ALVAREZ, Melissa P.
94	ALVARO, Divina L.
95	ALVERO, Maria Mirella M.
96	AMANSEC, Fatima Maria B.
97	AMANTE, Jacinto Anton U.
98	AMELLA, Maedelyn G.
99	AMOR, Therese Marie P.
100	AMORA, John Frederick O.
101	AMORES, Carlos Alfonso B.
102	AMORES, Ma. Patricia Ysabel B.
103	AMPUAN, Maymona T.
104	AMULAR, JR,, Daniel B.
105	ANCHETA, Angelli Camille P.
106	ANCHORIZ, Andrei Dominic D.
107	ANDAL, Aira Marie M.
108	ANDAYA, Kim L.
109	ANDE, Shari R.
110	ANGAT, Christine Joy F.
111	ANGELES, Ethel Catherine Jean H.
112	ANGSIY, Willie Ann M.
113	ANTEPUESTO, Chino Luis M.
114	ANTIGUA, Noel Ephraim R.
115	ANTIPALA, Jhuneil O.
116	ANTIPUESTO, Caressa Joanne P.
117	ANTONIO, Ayries Grace M.
118	ANTONIO, Karlo Jennuel R.
119	ANTONIS, II, Jerome Francisco L.
120	APA, Jeah Larisse R.
121	APDUHAN, Marvin B.
122	APEPE, Abrahm A.
123	APIOTEN, Gloovy Rose B.
124	APOSTOL, Ma. Bianca Mercelina J.
125	APOSTOL, Zhainey C.
126	AQUIATAN, Mark V.
127	AQUINO, Clarine Joyce U.
128	AQUINO, Pamela Liane B.
129	AQUISAN, Wynster G.
130	ARA, Erika L.
131	ARAFOL, Trinidad Ii S.
132	ARAGON, Princess C.
133	ARANILLA, Neil Alfon S.
134	ARAO, Michael Thomas S.
135	ARAULA, Margaret D.
136	ARBES, Marvyn Rose D.
137	ARCAINA, Nicolene S.
138	ARCIAGA, Alexi Val B.
139	ARCIAGA, Ana Liza B.
140	ARCILLA, Jinky Jane A.
141	ARCILLAS, Mary Mae E.
142	ARCOL, Voltere Edmark O.
143	ARELLANO, Jerald B.
144	ARGALLON, Kristine Joy P.
145	ARNALDO, Kassandra Q.
146	ARRIBA, Edward Vange P.
147	ARUMPAC, Aelan B.
148	ARZAGA, Jesus Joel Mari D.
149	ASIS, Mary Ann Rose P.
150	ASPI, Maria Margarita B.
151	ATIBULA, Rodney D.
152	AURELLANO, Riabelle L.
153	AUSTRIA, Natassia Marie N.
154	AUSTRIA, Norman Alexander C.
155	AVANCEÑA, Isa Maria N.
156	AVENGOZA, Teodoro O.
157	AVESTRUZ, Lemuel Jess L.
158	AVILA, Jess Stanley A.
159	AVISADO, Lovely Joy A.
160	AWIT, Rejzl Anne A.
161	AYANGCO-SON, Edelyn B.
162	AYO, Mark Joseph B.
163	AZARRAGA, Ehren Christian S.
164	AZAS, Kimberly D.
165	AZAÑA, Blessa Maruja R.
166	AÑONUEVO, Euan Paulo C.
167	BACALZO, Eliseo Raul G.
168	BACANI, Ma. Melissa T.
169	BACATAN, Edmundo R.
170	BACAY, Princess Mclaine E.
171	BACCAY, Nikka M.
172	BACOLOD, Christobal C.
173	BACOSA, Mary Jel B.
174	BACULI, Glaiza Q.
175	BADAYOS, Maria Lourdes C.
176	BADAYOS, Mark Lawrence C.
177	BADUA, Karina Mae A.
178	BAGAMAN, Jessamine C.
179	BAGAYAO, Ivan Yannick S.
180	BAGBAGEN, Kent Bryan S.
181	BAGTAS, Nicole Toni Raisa A.
182	BAGUINGAN, Shasta Ann O.
183	BAGUIO, Ralph Aidrin E.
184	BAGUIWAN, John Paul S.
185	BAINTO, Naereeza Grace M.
186	BAJANDE, Rigel C.
187	BALAGAN, Kristine D.
188	BALANON, Ruby Jean N.
189	BALASOTE, Juanito, Iii D.
190	BALAUAG, Ed Warren L.
191	BALAYANTO, Lexthom B.
192	BALBEDINA, Maricris D.
193	BALDEO, Rexcia Maria B.
194	BALDOVINO, Stephen C.
195	BALESTRAMON, Nobel N.
196	BALICDANG, Berto D.
197	BALINDONG, Abdel Jalloud B.
198	BALIO, Brian Michael T.
199	BALNEG, Karla L.
200	BALOLONG, Desiree D.
201	BALON, Nazarene Amadeo B.
202	BALONG, Joyce B.
203	BALUYUT, Mark Luwie N.
204	BALVERDE, Gleneden A.
205	BANA, Jackielyn Krystyl Nehama C.
206	BANGASAN, Roxanne C.
207	BANIAGA, Ernesto B.
208	BANOGON, Noveanne P.
209	BANTA, Teresa Kristel V.
210	BANTAY, Czarina May E.
211	BANTILLO, Epienelle Joy A.
212	BANTUAS, Yaslani B.
213	BANTUGAN, Florence June D.
214	BANZON, Christine Erica P.
215	BAQUIRAN, Karen S.
216	BARCEBAL, Glenn Ian P.
217	BARCELON, Clark Vincent L.
218	BARCENAS, Beth Kristel M.
219	BARENG, Orlando Jr. B.
220	BARIC, Caroline Claire S.
221	BARLOSO, JR., Romualdo F.
222	BARQUEZ, Loverly A.
223	BARREDA, Elmar C.
224	BARREDO-PAA, Pia Jannie M.
225	BARRION, Dexter P.
226	BARROGA, Rhea M.
227	BARTOLOME, Rizel DC.
228	BASADA, Annie Hazel D.
229	BASALO, Gerime Mae A.
230	BASAÑEZ, Dioscoro A.
231	BASNIC, Vernon C.
232	BASTASA, Ma. Cecille S.
233	BASTO, Allan Patrick T.
234	BATAC, Jeffrey D.
235	BATHAN, Maria Aurelia Azucena B.
236	BATION, Khim Tonne B.
237	BATOCTOY, Joseph Dale L.
238	BATUHAN, Juan Emmanuel P.
239	BAUTISTA, Hazel Dhane A.
240	BAUTISTA, John Angel N.
241	BAUTISTA, Kristina Carol A.
242	BAUTISTA, Lawrence Anthony A.
243	BAUTISTA, Mae M.
244	BAUTISTA, Maria Hyacinth D.
245	BAUTISTA-CAIBAN, Jewel Ian F.
246	BAUTISTA-MENDIORO, Florbeth O.
247	BAWA, Ernil L.
248	BAYAWA, IV, Anthony Isidro N.
249	BAYLON, JR., Edgar M.
250	BAYONA, Michael Kevin P.
251	BAYWONG, III, George C.
252	BAÑADERA, Juan Paolo P.
253	BAÑAS, Patrick Jon K.
254	BAÑEZ, Jaime Lorenzo P.
255	BAÑEZ, Marco C.
256	BAÑOC, Ando M.
257	BEA, Alexis Elaine A.
258	BELA-O, Mary Hazel G.
259	BELANDRES, Beverly Z.
260	BELARMINO, Joshua E.
261	BELENO, Mayenne Kathryn Z.
262	BELLO, Rafael Eloy A.
263	BELTRAN, Joram David D.
264	BELTRAN, Roberto Francisco R.
265	BEN-USMAN, Mohammad M.
266	BENDIJO, Mylene V.
267	BENITEZ, Cesar Arnulf T.
268	BERCENIO, Elaine A.
269	BERCERO-MONTANO, Catherine A.
270	BERGADO, Anna Marie R.
271	BERIONES, Ma. Lorna O S.
272	BERIÑA-IMPERIAL, Shane
273	BERMEJO, Kazper Vic V.
274	BERNARDO, Aldrin I.
275	BERNARDO, Michael Gerard T.
276	BERNARDO, Samuel John S.
277	BERONILLA, Gracia Mae A.
278	BERONIO, Bethel Faith G.
279	BERTUMEN, Yzabel Eden M.
280	BETE, Dexter Jade M.
281	BETIA, Angela Jill G.
282	BIBAT, Darlene B.
283	BIGORNIA, Donna Carmel B.
284	BILBAO, Jorilie Joy A.
285	BILLONES, Maria Michaela M.
286	BILOCURA, Cristine D.
287	BIRAD, JR., Ananias V.
288	BIRUAR, Hisham Nazz A.
289	BISNAR, Kimberly Hope D.
290	BLANCO-VILLAPEÑA, Rosana R.
291	BLASURCA, Jeric R.
292	BOBILES, Loraine B.
293	BOCO, Iryl B.
294	BOHOL, Vincent Joshua D.
295	BONDOC, Mycarol L.
296	BONIFACIO, Christine Joy M.
297	BONIFACIO, John Albert M.
298	BONITA, Ray Karlo M.
299	BONSOL, Ma. Ninna Roem A.
300	BONTUYAN, Mary Stephanie G.
301	BORDEN, Faith Marie N.
302	BORJA, Kristine C.
303	BORJA, Mark Joseph T.
304	BORJA, Sean James B.
305	BORLAGDATAN, April Flor F.
306	BORLONGAN, Chester Noel R.
307	BRAGANZA, Ailein Grace L.
308	BRAGAS, Noreen B.
309	BRIGOLA, Larra Mae I.
310	BRILLANTES, Paolo Carlo B.
311	BRILLO, Daysheelyn Anne P.
312	BRIONES, Rex Norman E.
313	BUBAN, Frances Abigail A.
314	BUELA, Julius Christopher T.
315	BUENAGUA, Jose Maria B.
316	BUENDIA, Codei Mariel Beatrice D.
317	BUENO, III, Jeremy Jesus DP.
318	BUENVIAJE, III, Manolo R.
319	BUESER, Marie Hyacinth C.
320	BUGAY, Samantha Louise B.
321	BUGTONG, Palmer F.
322	BULUSAN, Amapola M.
323	BUMANGLAG, Bina Danica A.
324	BUMANGLAG, Reymund S.
325	BURI, Kenneth Roger R.
326	BUSAIN, Reynolds C.
327	BUSRAN, Norhaifa B.
328	BUSTAMANTE, Ma. Annabelle Y.
329	BUSTILLOS, JR., Edwin C.
330	CABADING, Suzen Daphne B.
331	CABAHUG, Adrian A.
332	CABALLA, Carlo Magno C.
333	CABANILLA, Laurence F.
334	CABATAÑA, Danrey D.
335	CABOJOC, JR., Midardo B.
336	CABRADILLA, Jenny Vieve B.
337	CABRERA, Errol D.
338	CABREROS, Riziel Ann A.
339	CABUAL, Karen B.
340	CABUGAWAN, Maria Vanessa C.
341	CABUYADAO, Lei Anne Q.
342	CACAL, Lara Mae O.
343	CADAG, Christopher S.
344	CADAY-ATITIW, Marchellene B.
345	CAGUETE, Alyssa Marie D.
346	CAGUIOA, Isabel Assunta C.
347	CALABIA, Khristian P.
348	CALABIO, Florie May P.
349	CALAMIONG, Jennylyn T.
350	CALDE, Eden C.
351	CALDE, Marie Frances Denise D.
352	CALIGAGAN, Bianca Viel T.
353	CALIZAR, Brent Louie J.
354	CALIZO, Jed Harold S.
355	CALO, James Bernard G.
356	CALUMAG, Franklin T.
357	CALVO, Arjunn Marven J.
358	CALZADO, Lorly G.
359	CALZADO, Michael J.
360	CAMACHO, Helene Rose C.
361	CAMINERO, Meeshel C.
362	CAMONIAS, Shirlee Mae V.
363	CAMPOS, Jose Ben L.
364	CANA, Aldrin Jose M.
365	CANDA, Lucille Ann C.
366	CANE, Jebb Lynus Q.
367	CANO, Jenny Rose
368	CANONIGO, Amira
369	CANONIZADO, Monica D.
370	CANTOS, Julie Mae Marie P.
371	CAPANGPANGAN, Isis Jane D.
372	CAPARAS, Jesser M.
373	CAPE, JR., Alfredo G.
374	CAPILI, Carmelita G.
375	CAPONONG, Miguel T.
376	CAPOQUIAN, Gillian J.
377	CARANGUIAN, Ruth Anne C.
378	CARAOS, Rico J.
379	CARATIQUIT, Reyville M.
380	CARBA, Ivy Ann C.
381	CARIÑO, Edward S.
382	CARIÑO, Morielle Isobel S.
383	CARIÑO, II, Henry S.
384	CARLOS, Jay Paul G.
385	CARPIO, III, Jose Romualdo C.
386	CARREON, Margery Roana F.
387	CARREON, May S.
388	CARRILLO, Glenn Aster R.
389	CAS, Jose Mari V.
390	CASIPE, Rommel T.
391	CASTARDO, Reynaldo O.
392	CASTILLO, Christiaan Briccio L.
393	CASTILLON, Medienne Isabelle M.
394	CASTRO, April Jacob D.
395	CASTRO, Floricel O.
396	CASTRO, Maryland DH.
397	CASTRO, Rachel Ann M.
398	CATAMIO-BARTOLOME, Joice Ann S.
399	CATAPUSAN, Kevin C.
400	CATIIS, Joliv B.
401	CAYABA, Alyssa Mae G.
402	CAYLAO, Inna Marie S.
403	CAÑA, JR., Artemio G.
404	CAÑARES, Jonathan Chadwick S.
405	CAÑEDA, Hannah Irish R.
406	CAÑETE, Luvernie N.
407	CEBREROS, Rouse Stephen G.
408	CENTENO, Adonis J.
409	CERVANTES, Madel M.
410	CERVERO, Maria Theresa G.
411	CHAN, Gavin Patek O.
412	CHAN, Jolinna Ysabelle Mari A.
413	CHAN, Kevin Yuri C.
414	CHAVEZ, JR., Bonifacio D.
415	CHENG, Raymond John S.
416	CHEUNG, Luis Lorenzo M.
417	CHIONG, Wejel L.
418	CHOA, Maureen Gizelle C.
419	CHUA, Angelyne M.
420	CHUA, Gian Angelo E.
421	CHUA, Hans Vincent C.
422	CHUA, Justine Joyce D.
423	CHUA, Neil S.
424	CHUA CHENG, Francis Lawrence C.
425	CHUNGUNCO, Carlo S.
426	CLANOR, John Andrew A.
427	CLARIN-BATERNA, Carolyn DC.
428	CLARUS, Jonathan L.
429	CLAVANO, IV, Jose Dominic F.
430	CLOSAS, Robert Jones H.
431	CO, Abigail Joyce N.
432	CO, Chris Evander O.
433	CO, Mark Ronald A.
434	CO, Patrick Xavier DR.
435	CO, Rafael M.
436	COJAMCO, Christian Jay V.
437	COLASITO, Vernon Craig M.
438	COLLADO, Keith Jamaica L.
439	COLOQUIO, Jo-anne Monique D.
440	COMORO, Don Wade B.
441	CONDUCTO, II, Ramon T.
442	CORBE, Christian Ryan
443	CORDERO, Marra Francillan P.
444	CORONA, Jose Mari C.
445	COROS, Marie Rachel V.
446	CORPUS, Ma. Agatha Grace U.
447	CORPUZ, Katherine N.
448	CORREA, Dana Erika R.
449	CORTEZ, Anne Sharmaine P.
450	COS-AGON, Dianne Bernadeth S.
451	COSTALES, Bryan Joseph S.
452	COSTALES, Lesley Astrid A.
453	COSTINA, Jayson N.
454	CRISOSTOMO, Samantha Carissa D.
455	CRUZ, Alexandra S.
456	CRUZ, Annarose Mel M.
457	CRUZ, Apple B.
458	CRUZ, Arvin Eduard H.
459	CRUZ, Jobelyn Ann A.
460	CRUZ, Jose Rafael S.
461	CRUZ, Kristina Paulina M.
462	CRUZ, Paolo F.
463	CRUZ, Ronel R.
464	CUA, Sherily B.
465	CUADRA, Luis Alfonso L.
466	CUALOPING, Sean Lester N.
467	CUARTEROS, Pee Jay T.
468	CUCUECO, Carla Patrice S.
469	CUENCA, Juliefe P.
470	CUSTODIO, Patricia N.
471	DACUT, Francis A.
472	DADOR, Lance Cedric E.
473	DAGDAGAN, Jerick Christian P.
474	DAGUM, Ron Dominic C.
475	DAGUNA-TELAN, Krizia Lauren N.
476	DAHILIG, Ana Margaret T.
477	DAITIA, Rafael Rene B.
478	DALANAO, JR., Victor G.
479	DALPIG, Ariane Riza S.
480	DALUDADO, Christian Jason O.
481	DALUPING, Febelyn D.
482	DAMASING, Ma. Feliza Anne Bridgit C.
483	DAMASING, Tanya Marie Franchezka C.
484	DAMING, Maria Nenita M.
485	DAMOCLES, Marieglo G.
486	DAVID, Aldrian Robert
487	DAVID, Monica A.
488	DAYANGHIRANG, Eloize Angeli M.
489	DAYAO, Cornelia D.
490	DE ALBAN, Alban Robert F.
491	DE ALBAN, Margarita P.
492	DE BELEN, Donna Joyce L.
493	DE GUZMAN, Antonio Miguel R.
494	DE GUZMAN, Micaela Lourdes L.
495	DE JESUS, Isabella Mae N.
496	DE JESUS, Krshziananda B.
497	DE JESUS-FRUELDA, Javie V.
498	DE JUAN, Jan Angeli E.
499	DE LA CRUZ, Karl P.
500	DE LA PEÑA, Carla Ann M.
501	DE LA SERNA, Andrew Rey P.
502	DE LEON, Fenina Maria C.
503	DE LEON, Jomari James T.
504	DE LEON, Joseph Benjamin B.
505	DE LEON, Juan Miguel E.
506	DE LEON, Karen R.
507	DE LEON, Peter Irish R.
508	DE LEON, Rowel T.
509	DE LUIS, Jan Eidrienne R.
510	DE LUNA, Jeizl E.
511	DE MESA, JR., Eduardo L.
512	DE OCAMPO, Joana Michelle J.
513	DE OÑO, Peter Joven Y.
514	DE QUINTO, Jayvee S.
515	DE RIVERA, Ana Hendrika A.
516	DE TORRES, Melvin P.
517	DE VERA, Clarissa M.
518	DE VERA, Jo Franz Avelard M.
519	DEADIO, Mae Fretzel H.
520	DECANO, Jenny Lou F.
521	DEDUMO, Richelle B.
522	DEFENSOR, Kristine Lara G.
523	DEL CAMAT, Persis S.
524	DEL CASTILLO, Conie C.
525	DEL FIERRO, JR., Rolando M.
526	DEL ROSARIO, Earleen H.
527	DEL ROSARIO, Janine Gabrielle A.
528	DEL ROSARIO, Margaux Cleotilde C.
529	DEL ROSARIO, Richard S.
530	DELA CRUZ, Ciro P.
531	DELA CRUZ, Ericson S.
532	DELA CRUZ, Erin Bianca I.
533	DELA CRUZ, Jan David B.
534	DELA CRUZ, Josephine Andrea M.
535	DELA CRUZ, June Mark L.
536	DELA CRUZ, Ma. Alessandra B.
537	DELA FUENTE, Markus Arcangel C.
538	DELA PAZ, Rikki Daniele Louis A.
539	DELA RAMA, Enrico Paolo L.
540	DELA TORRE, Ricky D.
541	DELFIN, Carly Kathleen B.
542	DELFIN, Karen M.
543	DELOS REYES, Christian B.
544	DELOTINA, John Philip Z.
545	DENIEGA, Marmie Dyan
546	DENILA, Jun Marr M.
547	DENOSTA, Jennylyn Rose C.
548	DERECHO, Anna Patricia M.
549	DESCALLAR, Johanne Kristel Emmanuelle R.
550	DESLATE, Ma. Jiandra Bianca F.
551	DESQUITADO, Ma. Fatima Yleanna O.
552	DIAZ, Angelic A.
553	DIAZ, Rebyanne Giselle C.
554	DIEGO, Aljalil E.
555	DIESTA, Mary Catherine A.
556	DIETA, Ma. Juna V.
557	DILAG, Marianne A.
558	DIMAANDAL, Andreanne Hannah B.
559	DIMAANO, Aaron Marc M.
560	DIMACULANGAN, Jan Darryl C.
561	DIMAIN, John Christian M.
562	DIMALIWAT, Dianne Eunice T.
563	DIMAPILIS, Abigail E.
564	DIMAPORO, Asnia M.
565	DIMSON, Jaime O.
566	DIONG-AN, Frederick R.
567	DIOSO, Regina Bella A.
568	DIPLOMA, Katrina Bianca Louise S.
569	DITANGCO, Mark Syd F.
570	DITOL, Francis C.
571	DIVA, Mary Zen P.
572	DIVINAGRACIA, Charles G.
573	DIVIVA, Carlo Martin B.
574	DIZON, Daezelle Faith S.
575	DIZON, Hazel Y.
576	DIZON, Jehann Mae L.
577	DOBLADO, Marie Cecile P.
578	DOCTORA, Rustum Daniel Waldo H.
579	DOGAONG, Azril S.
580	DOLATRE, Gemille Hernani L.
581	DOLLISON, Rhea Lopez
582	DOLORES, Maria Theresa A.
583	DOLORICA, Carmie T.
584	DOMANTAY, Sri Michi Cordelle V.
585	DOMINGO, Arnaldo V.
586	DOMINGO, Lina Maria DS.
587	DOMINGO, Russel V.
588	DOMINGO, JR., Rolando B.
589	DOMINGUEZ, Jeah Maureen P.
590	DOMINGUEZ, John Valro V.
591	DOTE, Jillian Jen T.
592	DRAPER, Gladys J.
593	DUBLIN, Maria Rodielita A.
594	DUEÑAS, Mia Larainne L.
595	DUGO-AN, Brian Keth P.
596	DULA, II, Jose D.
597	DULNUAN, Gina Mae C.
598	DUMAYAG, Germa B.
599	DUNGOG, Helen Camille G.
600	DURAN, Kashmere Tame P.
601	DY, Darlyn A.
602	DY, Ervin Fredrick H.
603	DY, Kimberly Jane R.
604	DY, Lizelle Sanly C.
605	EBID, Patrick Dave F.
606	EDDING, Norbryan B.
607	EDDING, Rashida N.
608	EDILLOR, Char Therese R.
609	EDOLSA, JR., Oliver I.
610	EGAR, Gail Rose Anne C.
611	EGUIA, Yoko Marie A.
612	ELAURIA-TAPALLA, Katrina C.
613	ELERIA, Romela M.
614	ELEVADO, Lynn Beth A.
615	ELMEDORIAL, Olivette D.
616	ELORIAGA, Ma. Elisha S.
617	ELUMBARING, April Remar A.
618	ELUMBARING, Czaryna G.
619	EMBLAWA, Hanamir N.
620	ENAJE, Henrie F.
621	ENCARNACION, Mary Judith Joan B.
622	ENCISA, Eleaza Marie P.
623	ENCISO-OYARDO, Louise Faye D.
624	ENDAYA, Ana Kristina R.
625	ENOJO, Joselin O.
626	ENRIQUEZ, Nicole Roland Q.
627	ENSOMO, Ma. Flordelin T.
628	ESCALANTE, Alecsis Vivien D.
629	ESCALONA, Nadine Anne C.
630	ESCALONA, Paolo Antonio Rodolfo G.
631	ESCAÑO, Angela Dominique A.
632	ESCAÑO, Gretchen L.
633	ESCOBER, Elena Liliosa Q.
634	ESGANA, Maria Crisanta M.
635	ESMERIA, Michael Bien D.
636	ESPARES, Adora Carmel M.
637	ESPINO, Carla Divina B.
638	ESPINO, Princess O.
639	ESPINO, Sheba Nikki E.
640	ESPINOLA, Jocel Elid E.
641	ESPIRITU, Mitchell-david L.
642	ESTOMO, III, Arkadeuz Robert A.
643	ESTOPA, Jad S.
644	ESTOQUE, Homelo V.
645	ESTORGIO, Edwin M.
646	ESTRADA, Jessel R.
647	EUGENIO, Richard Oliver H.
648	EUSEBIO, Rina D.
649	EVANGELISTA, Ivy
650	EVASCO, Jess B.
651	EVORA, Rexlyn Anne M.
652	FABIA, JR., Francis Hernani L.
653	FABIAN, Melissa S.
654	FADERA, Juan Carlo D.
655	FAJARDA, Sunshine Charry A.
656	FAJARDO, Karl Benjamin R.
657	FAJARDO, Reniel Kian R.
658	FAJARDO, Winona Maraiah M.
659	FALINGAO, Yolanda Janice S.
660	FANDIALAN, Maria Almira L.
661	FANGO-OK, Cita C.
662	FAUSTO, Jaime Manuel A.
663	FAVORITO, Bjone Carlo T.
664	FEDERICO, Genaro V.
665	FELIX, Demetri Albert L.
666	FERMILL, Froiland Jover F.
667	FERMIN, Kevin L.
668	FERMIN, Rudolph Lad T.
669	FERNANDEZ, Clea Constantina
670	FERNANDEZ, Gil Aldrick S.
671	FERNANDEZ, Graciella S.
672	FERNANDEZ, Jefferson B.
673	FERNANDEZ, Jingo G.
674	FERNANDEZ, Maria Melita Rae J.
675	FERNANDEZ, Napolyn P.
676	FERNANDEZ, JR., Datumama P.
677	FERNANDO, Joelle Erika E.
678	FERRER, Jayzen Smith T.
679	FERRER, Loraine Z.
680	FERRIOL, Dianne E.
681	FILART, Paula Kathryn Marie G.
682	FILASOL, Richard Gabriel G.
683	FILOTEO, Henry Miguel Luigi T.
684	FLORES, Kate P.
685	FLORES, Robinson P.
686	FLORES, Thomas Augustine M.
687	FLORES-FONTANILLA, Korrine Madeleine C.
688	FLORO, Alphonso Roberto C.
689	FOGATA, Javed D.
690	FONCARDAS, Bingsky S.
691	FOPALAN, Renee A.
692	FORDAN, Daniel John A.
693	FORTO, Israel C.
694	FRANCISCO, Jecah Grace D.
695	FRANCISCO, Mark Nel N.
696	FRANCISCO, Marvis Ervin L.
697	FRANCO, Florrence Faye S.
698	FRANCO, Joseph Gavier M.
699	FRANDO, Marvie
700	FRIAS, Ma. Jia Denise M.
701	FRONDA, Racquel T.
702	FUGABAN, Jomila May B.
703	FULLON, Chanika Anja B.
704	GAAYON, John Cris B.
705	GABITO, Olivette A.
706	GABRIEL, Iris Camille D.
707	GABUTERO, Lilibeth D.
708	GACUSANA, Gilbert G.
709	GADIA, Sarah Jane M.
710	GAERLAN, Rhett D.
711	GALANG, Czarina Justine P.
712	GALANG, Maritoni Kim Y.
713	GALANG-BACANI, Katrina D.
714	GALANO, Kathleen C.
715	GALI, Leeanne Czarina G.
716	GALINATO, Jan Igor T.
717	GALINDON, Jasmin B.
718	GALIZA, Paul Christian D.
719	GALLEGO, Mariel Dave M.
720	GALLENTE, Tremorlyn E.
721	GALLETO, Joe Ann G.
722	GALO, Ramel M.
723	GALOPE, Mark Allen
724	GALVEZ, Anna Isabella C.
725	GALVEZ, Juryson A.
726	GAMAS, Gerson B.
727	GAMILLA, Janine H.
728	GANCHERO, Kevin Ken S.
729	GANIAS, Raymond Nell B.
730	GAPIT, Jan Kyla O.
731	GARAYBLAS, Maria Erichelle V.
732	GARCES, James Peter E.
733	GARCIA, Aimee Grace A.
734	GARCIA, Andrew T.
735	GARCIA, Giovanni F.
736	GARCIA, Jeshaiah Innoe M.
737	GARCIA, Jo Alfonso D.
738	GARCIA, John Paulo C.
739	GARCIA, Karina Mae P.
740	GARCIA, Karmela Casandra C.
741	GARCIA, Kimberly Dyane C.
742	GARCIA, Klarika Angela C.
743	GARCIA, Louie A.
744	GARCIA, Mclair D.
745	GARCIA, Renz Mark V.
746	GARCIA, Roelito C.
747	GARCIA, Stanley Bryan O.
748	GARDIANO, Von Joven Kristian R.
749	GASTANES, Raphael Edwin L.
750	GATCHALIAN, Andrea Mae D.
751	GAUUAN, Arianejoy Rochelle K.
752	GAW, Katrina Monica C.
753	GELARIO, Floreza Lara M.
754	GELIDO, Aleanna Joy F.
755	GENERAL, Jose Luis O.
756	GENSON, Dominic Paul O.
757	GENZOLA, Neil Marvin F.
758	GEOLINGO, Jamie T.
759	GEPTE, JR., Francisco L.
760	GERONIMO, Allen F.
761	GERONIMO, Francis L.
762	GERONIMO, Keizel A.
763	GO, Deanna Carmelli L.
764	GO, Koristine P.
765	GO, Vincent Gregory S.
766	GOCO, Ricka Marie P.
767	GOCUAN, Phoenix Mackenzie L.
768	GOLO, Dearlit Jane C.
769	GOLONG-GUTIERREZ, Lourdes M.
770	GOMENDOZA, Janelle L.
771	GOMEZ, Keysie M.
772	GONZAGA, Gay D.
773	GONZAGA, Michael Pert D.
774	GONZALES, Camille Angelica B.
775	GONZALES, Christian Mei P.
776	GONZALES, Joan DC.
777	GONZALES, Lara Nicole T.
778	GONZALES, Paolo B.
779	GOROSPE, Czarina Rose S.
780	GOZO, Harlem F.
781	GRAVADOR, Marynette M.
782	GREGORIO, Aldrin B.
783	GREGORIO, Jasper John T.
784	GREGORIO, Karyl Mae S.
785	GROYON, Kevin Crust B.
786	GRUPO, Francis Noriel V.
787	GRUTA, Nicole Bianca O.
788	GUADALOPE, Eunice V.
789	GUANZON, Job M.
790	GUAREN-DONAIRE, Clarice R.
791	GUATELARA, Jose Luis B.
792	GUDANI, Benjamin C.
793	GUERRERO, Jo Beatriz L.
794	GUERZON, Randolph Jon P.
795	GUEVARRA, JR., Alexander O.
796	GUIANG, April Joy B.
797	GUIANG, Kathleen T.
798	GUINOO, Francis C.
799	GUINTO, Ruth B.
800	GUIRITAN, Emmy Louise S.
801	GULLAS, Jarred Alexander C.
802	GULMATICO, Mayen Mar E.
803	GULMATICO, Therese Mae M.
804	GURO, Abduljabbar B.
805	GUSI, III, Francisco B.
806	GUTIERREZ, Armie D.
807	GUTIERREZ, Inna Therese F.
808	GUTIERREZ, Jonald DC.
809	GUTIERREZ, Karla Rose E.
810	GUTIERREZ, Ramon Rodrigo L.
811	GUZMAN, Janine Ysabel A.
812	GUZMAN, Michael Rangielo B.
813	GUZMAN, Warren Rodante D.
814	GUZMAN, JR., Ernesto B.
815	HABANA, Ken Patrick T.
816	HABLADO, Lalaine Jertrude L.
817	HADJI JALAL, Sahania M.
818	HALINA, Arline C.
819	HAMID, Sernash L.
820	HERMO, Deo Paolo Marciano V.
821	HERNANDEZ, Bryan B.
822	HERNANDEZ, Leoncio B.
823	HERNANDEZ, Marichu C.
824	HERNANDEZ, JR., Numeriano G.
825	HERNANDEZ, JR., Rodolph B.
826	HERRERA, Bianca Mari B.
827	HERRERA-ANGELES, Crishanne D.
828	HERRERA-LIM, Andrea Paola C.
829	HERRERA-LIM, Julia Patricia C.
830	HILARIO, Jose Noel B.
831	HIMALA, Anna Camille C.
832	HIPOLITO, Catherine L.
833	HOCSON, Joseph Erwin D.
834	HOFILEÑA, Daniel S.
835	HOJILLA, Nieco Cecilio D.
836	HONORIDEZ, Kvyn R.
837	HORTINELA, Phoenix B.
838	HOYLAR, Shiela Vae A.
839	HUAB, Hershey Gabrielle B.
840	HUECAS, Ilyich R.
841	HUELE, Dianah Jane L.
842	IBAÑEZ, Emmanuel G.
843	IBAÑEZ, Tanya D.
844	IGDANES, Loida D.
845	IGNACIO, Effie Fielle M.
846	IGNACIO, Hannah Grace P.
847	ILAGAN, Kyle Michael T.
848	INDAP, Jefferson G.
849	INDIC, Marvin T.
850	INGARAN, Danna Jeen P.
851	INOCENCIO, Florris V.
852	INOCENCIO, Karlo Krisanto B.
853	INSULAR, Marlon H.
854	IRASUSTA, Kyle D.
855	ISMAEL, Alessa May V.
856	ISMAEL, Rainidah M.
857	ITAO, Carlo Isidore B.
858	JACOB, Abigail D.
859	JALBUNA, Jordan B.
860	JALIPA, May Leony A.
861	JAMES, Nicole Kay C.
862	JAUCULAN, Valerie Hope B.
863	JAVA, Junine Wednesday D.
864	JAVELLANA, Domivic A.
865	JAVELLANA, Mary Camille Denise H.
866	JAVIER, Ferdinand V.
867	JAVIER, Lloyd Danielle V.
868	JAVIER, JR., Francisco M.
869	JAYME, James Wayne D.
870	JAYME, Leonard Czar M.
871	JIMENEZ, Donna Grace D.
872	JIMENEZ, John Paul S.
873	JIMENEZ, Timothy John B.
874	JO, Elesia Mae R.
875	JUAN, Rundolph A.
876	JUMAMIL, Theodore Joseph M.
877	JUNI, Josephine L.
878	JUSTINIANI, Donatello M.
879	KANONGKONG, Galayan S.
880	KAPUNAN, Katherine Rose F.
881	KATO, Stefi Kristin T.
882	KING, Francis Laurence B.
883	KOON, Jethro Laurenz A.
884	LABACO, Ma. Jasmin A.
885	LABAD, Mark Jerome C.
886	LABALAN, Anecto Francis R.
887	LABRADOR, Maria Celine Erika A.
888	LACSON, JR., Celso G.
889	LADJIMAN, Janesa Mariam G.
890	LAGUINDAY, Mae A.
891	LAGUMBAY, Nubbin Paul C.
892	LAGURA, Ralp Ryan A.
893	LANDAYAN, Emmanuel A.
894	LANUZA, Lanz Albert A.
895	LAO, Michelle T.
896	LAPUZ, JR., Jesus R.
897	LASAY, Lovely M.
898	LASTIMOZA, Virgil Maverick B.
899	LASULA, Ivy Blanche L.
900	LAUDENCIA, Pierse Henrik C.
901	LAURENTE, Jungie B.
902	LAURETA, Michelle A.
903	LAURON, John Lincoln F.
904	LAUS, Czarmaigne P.
905	LAYNO, Portia Leah N.
906	LAYOG, John Mark D.
907	LAYUSA, Francis Paolo B.
908	LAZARO, Ma. Stela Regina C.
909	LAZATIN, Raphaela Kercee Vendel P.
910	LAZO, Hilton A.
911	LAZOL, Patricia Angela T.
912	LEAL, Faustino L.
913	LEAÑO, Angelo Noel R.
914	LEAÑO, Daniel Joshua S.
915	LEAÑO, Mark Jhayzon M.
916	LEDESMA-ALABANZA, Sheryl May S.
917	LEE, Armi-anne Frances G.
918	LEE, Mariline M.
919	LEONCINI, Jake O.
920	LEONES, Jose Bernardino E.
921	LEONOR, John Raymond A.
922	LESCABO, Edon B.
923	LEYNES, Philip Aldrin S.
924	LEYNES, Selenne Anne S.
925	LIBAN, Daren T.
926	LIBANG, Julius Vincent T.
927	LIBERATO, Kristine Marie E.
928	LICUP, Kristine Felva P.
929	LIGAN, Mary Fatima E.
930	LIM, Alfredo Niccolo T.
931	LIM, Angelique Claudine T.
932	LIM, Franchette Kaye S.
933	LIM, Gerome Cristian P.
934	LIM, Jerrick M.
935	LIM, Jessica Ann P.
936	LIM, Queeny Therese T.
937	LIM, Roceli Petriercci O.
938	LIM, Stefano Angelo P.
939	LIM, Vianesse Suzanne M.
940	LIMBAGA, Kevin James E.
941	LIMJOCO, Ernesto Angelo S.
942	LIN, Ivan Kevin G.
943	LIN, Yu-ann P.
944	LINGAT, Anna Mickaella N.
945	LLAMES, Jihan D.
946	LLAMES, Joseph Adrian B.
947	LLAMZON, Ines Katrina M.
948	LLORENTE, Julius L.
949	LOGRONIO, Jan Roseller H.
950	LOMONDOT, Sarah Jane B.
951	LONGJAS, Richmond G.
952	LONGOS, Jose Manuel C.
953	LONTOC-ELARMO, Ronalina B.
954	LOPEZ, Catherine Nicole L.
955	LOPEZ, Dana Beatrice G.
956	LOPEZ, Eunice P.
957	LOPEZ, Ian Jude A.
958	LOPEZ, Katrina Margarita D.
959	LOPEZ, Raynald A.
960	LORENZANA-ALICANTE, Celeste A.
961	LOTILLA, Marie Elizabeth L.
962	LOTO, Kimberly Rose O.
963	LOZADA-SODEN, Atina E.
964	LOZARIE, Dean Beau A.
965	LU, Jossaine M.
966	LUA, Joan Tricia G.
967	LUBIANO, Aileen S.
968	LUCERO-ESCOBER, Angelica A.
969	LUCILA, Claribel A.
970	LUCMAN, Mohammad Hussien B.
971	LUMANAG, Jan Jason G.
972	LUNA, Mari Paz C.
973	LUZON, Sarah Joy V.
974	MABAN, Jethro T.
975	MABANGLO, Vicson A.
976	MABANO, Michelle Mae L.
977	MABANSAG, Liezl Joy M.
978	MABUNGA, Rhandelle August M.
979	MACABENTA, Nordem B.
980	MACAKILING, Nihayah M.
981	MACALIMBON, Amil A.
982	MACALINO, Daniel Luis P.
983	MACARAIG, Virgil David F.
984	MACARAYA, JR., Dagaranao P.
985	MACARILAY, Marianne Jezelle Jem T.
986	MACARIOLA, Paolo Dominic G.
987	MACASARTE, Summerson A.
988	MACATANGAY, Kristel Carol T.
989	MACAVINTA, Al Dino N.
990	MACEDA, Amara Mayla V.
991	MACLAN, Portia Jessica J.
992	MADALE-DIANAL, Reezah D.
993	MADANGUIT, Benedict L.
994	MADRIAGA, Jeremiah James P.
995	MAGALLANES, Thea Ruth L.
996	MAGBALON, III, Renato P.
997	MAGCANLAS, John Fernand F.
998	MAGDAMO, Mark Ericson M.
999	MAGDANGAL, Leonard C.
1000	MAGDAY, John Vherlin C.
1001	MAGGAY, Mary Joyce P.
1002	MAGPUSAO, Joey Ii R.
1003	MAGSINO, Josemaria Carlo F.
1004	MAGSIPOC, Febe G.
1005	MAGTANONG, Bea Patricia DG.
1006	MAGUMCIA, Charlotte Mae P.
1007	MAKASIAR, Ma. Brimar T.
1008	MAKILAN, J’ven Marc A.
1009	MAKINANO, Marein Assumpta E.
1010	MALABANAN, Geleen Mae C.
1011	MALAG, Novelyn H.
1012	MALALUAN, Alyssa Clarizze E.
1013	MALANG, Johanna O.
1014	MALIBAGO, Viviene Mae DP.
1015	MALICAY, Sidney C.
1016	MALINAO, Mark Nichol R.
1017	MALLARI, Vanessa P.
1018	MALLONGA, Mariel Andrea Q.
1019	MAMURIC, Patricia Sarah C.
1020	MAMUYAC, Maribel L.
1021	MANABAT, Leandro Mari B.
1022	MANAHAN, Christianne D.
1023	MANALASTAS, Danica R.
1024	MANALAYSAY, Crizette Tanya S.
1025	MANALILI, Hannah Lizette S.
1026	MANALILI, Jaymart I.
1027	MANALO, Lawrence Ivan
1028	MANALON, Alma Y.
1029	MANAOG, Kristine Carmina R.
1030	MANAUIS, Arvin Jay M.
1031	MANDI, Veronica Louise D.
1032	MANDIIT, Concepcion S.
1033	MANESCA, Lyzanel R.
1034	MANGINDRA, Badrodin A.
1035	MANGROBANG, Francis Rupert C.
1036	MANICAD, III, Macario B.
1037	MANIGOS, Ivy Christine T.
1038	MANO, Razna I.
1039	MANTO, Robert B.
1040	MANTOS, Rufino Samuel Iii R.
1041	MANUEL, Amor B.
1042	MANUEL, Ellyse B.
1043	MANUEL, Mary Erica D.
1044	MANZANO, Ebenezer Daryl P.
1045	MAQUILING, Muammar John S.
1046	MAQUIRAYA, Criscell Jane G.
1047	MARAJAS, Kristel Mariz G.
1048	MARALIT, Bendrick A.
1049	MARAMAG, Tecelyn B.
1050	MARAON, Lessandro B.
1051	MARAPAO, Joyce Marie T.
1052	MARASIGAN, Angelo M.
1053	MARASIGAN, Mariz Angelle R.
1054	MARCELINO, Frank G.
1055	MARCELO, Emmanuel T.
1056	MARCELO, Karmela P.
1057	MARCELO, Vivien P.
1058	MARCHAN, Zyril F.
1059	MARCIAL, Chareloa Tereze F.
1060	MARCOS, Farrah P.
1061	MARCOS, Ma. Saniata R.
1062	MARCOS, Mervin Carlo H.
1063	MARGALLO, Edren E.
1064	MARGATE, Don Joshua D.
1065	MARIANO, Allan Paul J.
1066	MAROHOMBSAR, Abdul Majid P.
1067	MARPURI, Dhoy Manuel A.
1068	MARPURI, Sara Pauline V.
1069	MARQUEZ, Princess Karina M.
1070	MARTIN, Vanessa P.
1071	MARTINEZ, Camille U.
1072	MARTINEZ, Muviel Justine C.
1073	MARTUS, Kristoffer Andrew J.
1074	MASALAY, Cherry Jing A.
1075	MASIGLAT, John Beau B.
1076	MASUNGCAD, Benigno Jr. B.
1077	MATA, JR., Armando C.
1078	MATBA, Ymil Rjiv DT.
1079	MATENCIO, Precilla C.
1080	MATEO, Mary Joy V.
1081	MATIAS, Jimuel Dave L.
1082	MATIAS, Samuel A.
1083	MATIAS, Vladimir R.
1084	MATIBAG, Kevin Christian S.
1085	MATIBAG, Kevin Paolo M.
1086	MATIS, Amelyn T.
1087	MAULAS, David S.
1088	MAURICIO, Mary Jovilyn M.
1089	MAURICIO, Olivia Paula C.
1090	MAYHAY, Phil Christian O.
1091	MAYOR, Neil Y.
1092	MEDALLA, Joan Therese C.
1093	MEDINA, Amylene S.
1094	MEDINA, Camille May P.
1095	MEDRANO, III, Prudencio M.
1096	MEJICA, Junald C.
1097	MEJICA, Mysa Jade J.
1098	MEJILLANO, Michele Samantha S.
1099	MEJONG, Kathrin T.
1100	MELLA, Jacob M.
1101	MELLIZA, Frente Sur L.
1102	MELO, Jeffrey T.
1103	MENCHAVEZ, Ray Lambert V.
1104	MENDEZ, JR., Antonio N.
1105	MENDIOLA, Nicolo Senen L.
1106	MENDOZA, Glenn S.
1107	MENDOZA, John Henry C.
1108	MENDOZA, Joyce Ann G.
1109	MENDOZA, Kevin Jordan DL.
1110	MENDOZA, Krista Carmina B.
1111	MENDOZA, Lorenzo Gabriel B.
1112	MENDOZA, Manuel Antonio M.
1113	MENDOZA, Mark Nester T.
1114	MENDOZA, Patrick David U.
1115	MENDOZA, Wenifreda I.
1116	MENGUITO, Aron Kerr O.
1117	MENING, Jeral G.
1118	MENTAL, Daniel V.
1119	MERCADO, Anton Marco N.
1120	MERCADO, Carlo Robert M.
1121	MERCADO, Eline Jillian M.
1122	MERCADO, Marielle L.
1123	MERCADO, Marjune Trishabelle M.
1124	METRILLO, Aia T.
1125	MICABALO, Caries Kaye S.
1126	MICIANO, Monica Marie T.
1127	MIJARES, Gianelli May A.
1128	MILLARE, Peter Jason J.
1129	MILLENA, Christian Jay M.
1130	MILLERA, Rommel M.
1131	MILLORA, Roxanne C.
1132	MINA, Dianne R.
1133	MINGLANA, Kenneth D.
1134	MINGOY, Andie B.
1135	MINGUEZ, Rhett Vincent M.
1136	MIRALLES, Abbey Christer G.
1137	MIRANDA, Eliane C.
1138	MIRANDA, Hyacinth A.
1139	MIRANDA, Jessa Gem L.
1140	MIZON, Kevin Luke V.
1141	MOBO-ROWAN, Anne Christine I.
1142	MODIO, Kent Harold S.
1143	MOLE, Sharmaine Fe L.
1144	MOLEÑO, Charl Stuyver P.
1145	MOLINA, Ferdinand R.
1146	MOLINA, Ma. Christina Ernest U.
1147	MONDEJAR, Joanne Charlyn G.
1148	MONDERO, Joey B.
1149	MONDIDO, Shirly L.
1150	MONFORT, Francis Marion Edel V.
1151	MONIS, Maria Cristina A.
1152	MONTALLA, Aurea Elein M.
1153	MONTEALTO, Vince Alvin L.
1154	MONTECILLO, Jobelle Rae T.
1155	MONTEFOLCA, Zyra G.
1156	MONTERDE, Arvidsson L.
1157	MONTERO, Carmela Kristine A.
1158	MONTERUBIO, Dalton Kristofer M.
1159	MONTILA, Munaipha P.
1160	MONTON, Mariel Ariane M.
1161	MONZON, Samantha Anne S.
1162	MOPERA, Laurence A.
1163	MORA, Katrina Isabela G.
1164	MORADA, Thomas Alvin B.
1165	MORALES, Christian Wilfred D.
1166	MORALES, Jonathan Gil A.
1167	MORALES, Lorena M.
1168	MORAN, Maria Jela M.
1169	MORCILLA, Ralph Julius Leo S.
1170	MORENO, Nestor Jeremy B.
1171	MORETO, Justin Benedict A.
1172	MOVIDO, Ana Rose L.
1173	MUNSAYAC, Jennifer Jo P.
1174	MURAD, Natasha Sarah
1175	MUÑOZ, Marlie S.
1176	NABUAB, Neil L.
1177	NACARIO, Maria Elizabeth B.
1178	NADUGO, Melissa C.
1179	NAGUM, Megumi Amor
1180	NAJARRO, JR., Violeta M.
1181	NAJEAL, Kathleen Camille H.
1182	NAMINGIT, Aiza Liza P.
1183	NAPIERE, Renuel S.
1184	NARAG, Jayvan Rod T.
1185	NARAG, Jhoanna Steffany G.
1186	NARVACAN, Glaiza F.
1187	NARVASA, Jameh Jann R.
1188	NARVASA, James Paul R.
1189	NATANAUAN, Sofia Camille B.
1190	NATIVIDAD, Jannel B.
1191	NATU-EL, Marcley Augustus D.
1192	NAVARRO, Clarisse P.
1193	NAVARRO, Marc Caesar T.
1194	NAZARIO, Philip Adrian G.
1195	NAZARO, Mark Anthony T.
1196	NEREZ, Michael Remington A.
1197	NG, Paul Jared Q.
1198	NGO, Dianne Liz A.
1199	NGO, Victor Dennis T.
1200	NIDEA, Rose Ann P.
1201	NIERRA, Mc Vincent Karl R.
1202	NIETES-INFANTE, Joenivic S.
1203	NIEVA, Lilia-mari M.
1204	NIEVA, Neren O.
1205	NIPAL, Mary Grace O.
1206	NOBLE, Adrianne Ivory G.
1207	NOBLEFRANCA, Sarena P.
1208	NOGALO, Sunny Rye M.
1209	NOGRALES, Margarita Ignacia B.
1210	NOTARTE, Jessa Irene Anne C.
1211	NUEVO, Christopher Edward L.
1212	NUL, Abbyr A.
1213	NUÑEZ, Ma. Alyssa Rea S.
1214	NUÑEZ, Ranell John V.
1215	OBINA, Antony Leomar M.
1216	OBLENO, Rochelle Anne O.
1217	OBLIGACION, David Emmanuel V.
1218	OCAMPO, Donnie Ray J.
1219	OCAMPO, Frezel E.
1220	OCAMPO, Stephen Joseph M.
1221	OCCEÑA, Noel L.
1222	OCHAVILLO, Pol S.
1223	ODONIO, Jenara G.
1224	ODULIO, Joben Mariz J.
1225	OFILAS, Maynard Bryan S.
1226	OLAGUER, Sunshine P.
1227	OLARTE-CONGSON, Heide T.
1228	OLIVAR, Karl Thomas M.
1229	OMBAO, Melbert M.
1230	ONG, Ariane P.
1231	ONG, Elaiza Camille S.
1232	ONG, Gecel C.
1233	ONG, Joy Ivee O.
1234	ONG, Madelyn May M.
1235	ONGCOY, Glace G.
1236	OPENIANO, Shilalah E.
1237	OPINIANO, Juliet P.
1238	ORA, Alyzza Mae S.
1239	ORACION, Stephanie Anne V.
1240	ORDOÑO, Aiza G.
1241	OREO, Karen Barbara M.
1242	ORIAS, Mildred P.
1243	ORO, Carlo G.
1244	ORQUINAZA, Alan David M.
1245	ORTEGA, Emmanuel SD.
1246	ORTIZ, Christian Jr C.
1247	OSORIO, Chad Patrick T.
1248	OSORIO-SY, Shirlem E.
1249	PACA, Francis Christian Mark T.
1250	PACA-ANAS-AVILA, Anabelle O.
1251	PACALA, Mary Ivy M.
1252	PACASEM, Amon Jadeedah C.
1253	PACULAN, Theo Marc O.
1254	PADERAYON, Cassandra Alyanna G.
1255	PADILLA, Kayrel V.
1256	PADILLA, Nicollo Emmanuel J.
1257	PADLAN, Philip Joseph C.
1258	PADUA, Ailene Courtney A.
1259	PAGALILAUAN, Romeo John L.
1260	PAGAYAO, Amira S.
1261	PAGCALIWAGAN, Pauline D.
1262	PAGKALIWANGAN, Fabie V.
1263	PAHILA, Rheinhart G.
1264	PAITAN, Darwin J.
1265	PALACPAC, Glendalyn S.
1266	PALATTAO, V, Mark Angelo Dante C.
1267	PALIGAN, Jervin T.
1268	PALMA, Patrick Jason C.
1269	PALMA, Rochelle T.
1270	PAMBID, Prana Renee S.
1271	PAMPLONA, Irwin Cortez B.
1272	PANDAY, Pierre O.
1273	PANGADER, Abdul Najib P.
1274	PANGANDUYON, Clemente A.
1275	PANGANIBAN, Julie Khristine C.
1276	PANGANIBAN, Mark Anthony B.
1277	PANGCOGA, Amer Hussain S.
1278	PANGILINAN, Cornelio Francis B.
1279	PANGILINAN, Gene Alexis E.
1280	PANOTES, Lorenz Angelo Mari M.
1281	PAPA, Ronhel Vinn A.
1282	PARAGAS, Ma. Jennifer R.
1283	PARCON, Jose C.
1284	PARIS, Louise Jillian G.
1285	PARIÑAS, Dynamagne N.
1286	PAROJINOG, Juris Ida T.
1287	PASCUA, Maria Wilma P.
1288	PASCUA, Rechelle Anne V.
1289	PASCUA, Regie T.
1290	PASCUAL, Carlos Miguel A.
1291	PASCUAL, Rod Emmanuel T.
1292	PASIA, Marian C.
1293	PASION, Red Jordan C.
1294	PASTOR, Rozanna Bianca T.
1295	PAYAPAG, Jayson R.
1296	PAYTE, JR., Henry S.
1297	PE, Kenny A.
1298	PEDE, Kent Rickx S.
1299	PEDERNAL, Ma. Janine V.
1300	PEDROSA, Anna Crestelle V.
1301	PEDROZO, Charmagne R.
1302	PELAGIO, Graciela May R.
1303	PELLOSIS, James Philip Y.
1304	PENEYRA, Kristel Grace S.
1305	PENILLA, Helene Rashida L.
1306	PEPITO, Fretchie Jonna Z.
1307	PERALTA, Dorothy L.
1308	PERALTA-RETUTA, Laureen F.
1309	PEREZ, Alyanna D.
1310	PEREZ, Anna Maria Cindy D.
1311	PEREZ, Purdey P.
1312	PEREZ, Tanya Mia D.
1313	PEREZ, Yvette V.
1314	PERLAS, J’xel P.
1315	PEROCILLO, Madelein B.
1316	PETRACHE, Jose Gabrielle G.
1317	PEÑA, Jessica Joy C.
1318	PEÑA, Ken Ebbe T.
1319	PEÑA, Vaupetroanji J.
1320	PEÑAFLOR, Angelique Kamille U.
1321	PEÑAFLOR, Jose Manuel P.
1322	PEÑALBA, Ivy Carisse M.
1323	PEÑAS, Andrea Alexis U.
1324	PILAPIL, Joss Allen M.
1325	PILOTIN, Agnes Ethelwyn P.
1326	PILOTIN, Maria Cecilia Lourdes R.
1327	PIMENTEL, Rehom P.
1328	PINEDA, Alexis Anne U.
1329	PINEDA, Julia Therese D.
1330	PINEDA, Nina Kathrina S.
1331	PINES, Philip J.
1332	PINGUIAMAN, Datu Haris M.
1333	PINLAC, Melanie Y.
1334	PIOQUINTO, Avegail T.
1335	PISEC, Erol Stephen B.
1336	PITA, Alen Joel R.
1337	PITOGO, Jade Margarette S.
1338	PLASOS, Ma. Katrina Vi C.
1339	PLIMACO, Fil Kristian B.
1340	POA, Michael Wesley T.
1341	POKING, Marcelo P.
1342	POLIDO, Jean Joan D.
1343	PONAY, Zahra Mina A.
1344	PONLA, Alexia Nneka P.
1345	PORTA, Angelique Fatima O.
1346	PORTENTO, Mark Kimuelle B.
1347	POTENCIANO-LUZA, Jolie Ann Y.
1348	PRADO, Eden T.
1349	PRASAD, Kevin O.
1350	PRISCO, JR., Gene Esteban S.
1351	PUA, Leonard P.
1352	PUA, Nicole Francis A.
1353	PUNO, Jai Andrew E.
1354	PUNZALAN, Kathleen B.
1355	QUELLA, Xaviera Jane V.
1356	QUERI, Willene Bernadette R.
1357	QUIA-OT, Gefferd E.
1358	QUIAMBAO, Raymart John S.
1359	QUICOY, Czarmaine Mae B.
1360	QUIJADA, Ma. Gabriellen C.
1361	QUIJANO-MANALO, Maria Eloisa V.
1362	QUILALA, Paolo Mikael E.
1363	QUINES, Mariel Angeli R.
1364	QUINIT, Neil Benedict A.
1365	QUINTO, Kathryn Audrey U.
1366	QUIRANTE, JR., Reynaldo B.
1367	QUIRAP, Jesus Carlo Joenil A.
1368	QUIROZ, Maria Amelia D.
1369	QUIÑANOLA, Joan Marie T.
1370	RABANES, Eleazar B.
1371	RABANG, April Joy M.
1372	RABAT, Luisito Emmanuel G.
1373	RABE, Rowell Al P.
1374	RABOCA, Joyce Anne C.
1375	RACOMA, Vincent Paolo B.
1376	RAFIL, Concepcion N.
1377	RAMIREZ, Ariel J.
1378	RAMIREZ, Mary Camille Anne D.
1379	RAMIREZ, Nikko Niño A.
1380	RAMIREZ, Roge Rose C.
1381	RAMOS, Andre Philippe E.
1382	RAMOS, John Gabriel B.
1383	RAMOS, Juderick C.
1384	RANA, Amir Sherdil A.
1385	RANIAI, Sittie Rhaodda A.
1386	RANIGO, JR., Roger S.
1387	RAPAL, Maria Fraulaine May L.
1388	RATILLA, Remo Ven Gene N.
1389	RAVAGO, Justin Nico L.
1390	RAYMUNDO, Kenneth Q.
1391	RAZONALES, Limuel B.
1392	REAGO, Nigel Carmelo Q.
1393	REALES, Jomer C.
1394	REALISAN, John Paul D.
1395	REBOJA, Wilmamae Lenore M.
1396	REBOROSO, Kirk Roberts P.
1397	REBUDAL, Nathaniel James C.
1398	RECINTO, Neriza Joyce M.
1399	RECIO, Dexter M.
1400	RECUENCO, John Emil F.
1401	RECUERDO, Marisol P.
1402	REGALADO, Katrina M.
1403	REGENCIA, Federic Loise S.
1404	REGENCIA, Nicole Joy R.
1405	REGIO, Ruth Gallile C.
1406	REGIS, Rafayelle A.
1407	REMIGIO, Kristianette Karyll B.
1408	REPOSAR, Barbette Joanne B.
1409	REPOYO, Bernalynne A.
1410	RESUBAL, Edward Anthony V.
1411	RESUELLO, Gerald Bowe M.
1412	RESUELLO, Mark Michael M.
1413	RESURRECCION, Ronnie C.
1414	REY, III, Salvador R.
1415	REYES, Ernest Gene P.
1416	REYES, Jameela Joy M.
1417	REYES, Mark Stephen A.
1418	REYES, Raphael Alexis A.
1419	REYES, Roberto Romalio G.
1420	REYES, III, Domingo D.
1421	REYNALDO, Jeremiah Anthony T.
1422	RIALUBIN-TAPUCOL, Janice R.
1423	RILLO, Jodine Alyssa R.
1424	RILLON, Noelle Grace B.
1425	RIVERA, Carl Joseph N.
1426	RIVERA, Clark Paul A.
1427	RIVERA, Ma. Anne Tonette S.
1428	RIVERA, Wilfredo, Jr. S.
1429	RIVERO, Jenina Angeliez C.
1430	RIZON, Louthera Christie L.
1431	ROA, Pia Angeli B.
1432	ROA, Ron G.
1433	ROA, JR., Marvi Manuel S.
1434	ROBILLOS, Jesse George J.
1435	ROBLE, Cherry C.
1436	ROBLES, Amarra A.
1437	ROBLES, JR., Plaridel A.
1438	ROCILLO, Mariela P.
1439	RODRIGUEZ-SALVAÑA, Judee Mae G.
1440	ROGACION, Raymond R.
1441	ROLDAN, Jason B.
1442	ROLOMA, Angelie Rose F.
1443	ROMANO, Jerwin Richard N.
1444	ROMERO, Kevin P.
1445	ROMERO, Rowell Q.
1446	ROQUE, Christian Ariel M.
1447	ROSALES, Mary Ruth A.
1448	ROSARIO, Maria Raquel V.
1449	ROSARIO, Patricia Kaye T.
1450	ROTAO, Ely Mar A.
1451	ROXAS, Frances Therese M.
1452	ROXAS, IV, Felixberto U.
1453	ROYUPA, Jessa Joy C.
1454	RUAYA, Nichol Jon Burt A.
1455	RUBI, Rizelle Stephanie M.
1456	RUBICA, Czarina Letecia E.
1457	RUDAS, Lady Alfie C.
1458	RUIZ, Mar Conrad U.
1459	RUIZ, Mara Louise A.
1460	RUIZ, Reina Mai R.
1461	RUYERAS, Alona Suzell B.
1462	SABONG, Arthur Eric L.
1463	SADSAD, Azzedine G.
1464	SAGAUINIT, Ferdimar C.
1465	SALA, Rosanna P.
1466	SALAS, April Jane E.
1467	SALAZAR, Angeline B.
1468	SALAZAR, Maria Anne Margareth R.
1469	SALAZAR, Monique Eveleen V.
1470	SALCEDA-MAZO, Winstoney Marie SA.
1471	SALE, Dioscoro E.
1472	SALE, Jan Christiane M.
1473	SALGADO, Mary Antonnete M.
1474	SALIK, Rasul M.
1475	SALIPOT, Magin P.
1476	SALLEY, Gretel M.
1477	SALMITE, Kemuel Rey D.
1478	SALTERAS, Jireh Joshua M.
1479	SALTING, Victorio B.
1480	SALUD, Jose Luis P.
1481	SALUDO, Ted John Paul T.
1482	SALVADOR, Karmela Kate B.
1483	SALVADOR, JR., Eliseo J.
1484	SALVOSA, Paul Junic P.
1485	SAMACO, Lea Aurora P.
1486	SAMANIEGO, Arjane A.
1487	SAN ANDRES, Erica Marie R.
1488	SAN DIEGO, JR., Elmo B.
1489	SAN JOSE, Clarice Joy DJ.
1490	SAN JOSE, Jose Epifanio A.
1491	SAN JOSE, Lorenz DA.
1492	SAN JUAN, Louiegie Thomas M.
1493	SAN PEDRO-MOLINA, Medilyn N.
1494	SANAPO, Ma. Loren W.
1495	SANCHEZ, Aaron Zibeon U.
1496	SANCHEZ, Jose Norberto B.
1497	SANCHEZ, Mark Lester Q.
1498	SANCHO, Winilyn Joei C.
1499	SANCON, Rushid Jay S.
1500	SANDICO, Edsel James C.
1501	SANGALANG, Tracy Joy L.
1502	SANGLAY, Franzetta Faye B.
1503	SANIEL, Philip N.
1504	SANSON, Vanna Katrina T.
1505	SANTELICES, Myrna R.
1506	SANTIAGO, Mark Lawrence A.
1507	SANTIAGO, Martin Kevin P.
1508	SANTIAGO, Nemei S.
1509	SANTIAGO, Niña Dianne R.
1510	SANTILLANA, Mayrose P.
1511	SANTOS, Aivi P.
1512	SANTOS, Alexis John R.
1513	SANTOS, Jesse Nicole R.
1514	SANTOS, Jose Maria E.
1515	SANTOS, Kimberly Anne C.
1516	SANTOS, Mikhael O.
1517	SANTOS, Nicole Jane D.
1518	SANTOS, Oliver A.
1519	SANTOS, Oliver I.
1520	SANTOS, Salymar V.
1521	SANTOS, Shannon Alyssa L.
1522	SANTOS, III, Jaime Miguel S.
1523	SARABIA, Rex Marcus B.
1524	SARANGAYA, Allan Paul S.
1525	SARCENO, Lovely C.
1526	SARENO, Tonifranz F.
1527	SARMIENTO, Merri Grace L.
1528	SARTE, Katherine C.
1529	SARTILLO, Glenn Niño M.
1530	SAVILLO, Camille May B.
1531	SAYEN-BORONGAN, Mercedes T.
1532	SAYSON, JR., Eliezer I.
1533	SECERIO, Clarissa Kristen V.
1534	SEDERIOSA, Rio Anne J.
1535	SENO, Stephanie Hariette U.
1536	SERAFIN, Japheth S.
1537	SERGIO, Joas M.
1538	SERRANO, Marianne M.
1539	SERRANO, Martha Rose C.
1540	SESE, Kevin Chris M.
1541	SEVILLA, Jose Carlo O.
1542	SEVILLA, Patricia O.
1543	SIAO, Ma. Karla B.
1544	SIAZON, Nestor Fernando T.
1545	SIBAL, Romilinda C.
1546	SIBAY, Divina Patty B.
1547	SIBLAGAN, JR., Roger C.
1548	SICAT, Patrick John C.
1549	SILVESTRE, Warren P.
1550	SINGH, Mohammad Jameel A.
1551	SINGSON, Melanio Deodoro Benjamin G.
1552	SIOSON, Channelle Florida M.
1553	SIRAJI, Al-rhasid J.
1554	SISON, Sushen Jimbel Mariz M.
1555	SO CHAN, Karl Leslie D.
1556	SOBREJUANITE, Joey P.
1557	SOCRATES, Josemaria Salvador P.
1558	SOKOKEN, Dawn Angeli F.
1559	SOLAS, Samuel Dave O.
1560	SOLDA, Ace Aries C.
1561	SOLEDAD, Ma. Romelda G.
1562	SOLIMAN, Clarisse Nicole V.
1563	SOLIMAN, Nelynne Analiza L.
1564	SOLINAP, Mary Vi M.
1565	SONGALIA, Renee Dominique Eloise N.
1566	SONON, Kristine C.
1567	SORIANO, Bernard L.
1568	SORIANO, Carlo Iñigo D.
1569	SORIANO, Carlo Luigi M.
1570	SORIANO, Christina U.
1571	SORIANO, Marie Paulene A.
1572	SORIANO, JR., Silverio B.
1573	SORITA, Brigette M.
1574	STA. ANA, Marc Lester H.
1575	STO. DOMINGO, Jorell Kent N.
1576	SU, Joshua William D.
1577	SUAREZ, III, Marcial Gerald C.
1578	SUING, Lemarie B.
1579	SULAIMAN, Jaykee N.
1580	SUMAGAYSAY, Rev G.
1581	SUMANDO, Fritzie Lynne C.
1582	SUPAPO, Karen G.
1583	SURABILLA, Katrina Marie C.
1584	SURBAN, Ian D.
1585	SURIO, Ann Caira C.
1586	SUSUSCO, Missela C.
1587	SY, Angelyn H.
1588	SY, Sharlaine T.
1589	SY, Stephanie Ruth B.
1590	SY, Theodore U.
1591	SY CAO YAO, Axel Byon R.
1592	TABANGCURA-ADANZA, Verly M.
1593	TABING, Cristine Mae N.
1594	TACUYAN, Carla Mae F.
1595	TACYO, Nardo C.
1596	TADILI, Mary Jane P.
1597	TAJALA, Sheena Mae C.
1598	TAJAR, Fahima B.
1599	TALAN, Dennise G.
1600	TALAWEC, Christian Van A.
1601	TALAY, Marlyn A.
1602	TALEON, Juan Romulo R.
1603	TALO, Filoryn D.
1604	TAMARAY, Vanessa Grace F.
1605	TAMAYAO, Marvin Jay M.
1606	TAMONDONG, Arlon D.
1607	TAMONDONG, Clarie May M.
1608	TAN, Abegail L.
1609	TAN, Alvin R.
1610	TAN, Ariane Louise A.
1611	TAN, Charmaine Lynn B.
1612	TAN, Danielle Marie C.
1613	TAN, Dwight Garvy B.
1614	TAN, Earnswell P.
1615	TAN, Gillian Cassie C.
1616	TAN, Haydn-joyce Y.
1617	TAN, Jacquelyn M.
1618	TAN, Jayson G.
1619	TAN, Joren Lex A.
1620	TAN, Lance Bryan L.
1621	TAN, Michael Elvin T.
1622	TAN, Raya Grace T.
1623	TAN, JR., Virgil P.
1624	TANAGA, Lloyd V.
1625	TANCINCO, Precious B.
1626	TANGPUZ, Marc Christian H.
1627	TANSINGCO, Noreelie Thessa M.
1628	TAPALES, Charmaine Jill C.
1629	TAPAY, May Sheene Q.
1630	TARROSA, Anna Beatrice S.
1631	TARUC, Albert Jericho V.
1632	TARUCAN, Nikki Albert B.
1633	TAYAMORA, Sherwin E.
1634	TEJERERO, Rolando P.
1635	TENEDORA, Romeo Cisco A.
1636	TEYLAN, Annjeaneth V.
1637	TIAMBENG, Jemimah Nissi M.
1638	TIGLAO, Jose Angelo C.
1639	TING, Iris C.
1640	TING, Kathrine T.
1641	TINGCANG, Crisper Vincent T.
1642	TINGSON, Gregorio Ramon A.
1643	TINGUHA, Roselle Anne Q.
1644	TIPON, John Michael S.
1645	TIU, Jewella O.
1646	TIZON, John Eric C.
1647	TOLENTINO, Ineandro Pedro P.
1648	TOLENTINO, Lenin King F.
1649	TOLENTINO, Nicole Erika A.
1650	TOMARO, Charisse A.
1651	TOME-NAPIGQUIT, Shalimar Mae S.
1652	TONGCO, Nadaine P.
1653	TONGO, Karmela A.
1654	TORCAL, Damaris Joyce S.
1655	TORRES, Karl Edward R.
1656	TORRES, Ma. Roma Amor R.
1657	TORRES, Nathaniel G.
1658	TORTOLA, Nilda M.
1659	TRABOCO, Lia S.
1660	TRIAS, Antoniella Luisa Maria L.
1661	TRIBUNAL, Anne Francisca D.
1662	TRINIDAD, Paolo Ruperto D.
1663	TRINIDAD, Rosanne Kim R.
1664	TROGO, Kara Micaj D.
1665	TSOI, Charla Larraine S.
1666	TUAZON, Ivan Luigi A.
1667	TUAZON, Tweety T.
1668	TUD, Marianne C.
1669	TUGADE, Theresa Marie R.
1670	TUNGOL, Garreth-daniel R.
1671	TUQUERO, Ma. Neiseria Ailah G.
1672	TURIANO, Tristan R.
1673	TUÑACAO, Luz Paciencia L.
1674	UBAY, JR., Romulo R.
1675	UMADHAY, Juniven Rey S.
1676	UNDUG, Ahmad Rais T.
1677	URBAN, Xavier Norbert C.
1678	URSAL, Charisse Gay G.
1679	URUBIO, Ulahmaria Jesusa Nazarene L.
1680	UY, April M.
1681	UY, Arjan Jo V.
1682	UY, Cherlyn Mae D.
1683	UY, Diane Margret V.
1684	UY, Feovie T.
1685	UY, Jed Sherwin G.
1686	UY, Kristine B.
1687	UY, Michael Johnrich S.
1688	UY, Rachelle G.
1689	UY, Ron Mikhail V.
1690	UY, Ryan Aaron C.
1691	VAFLOR, Marcus Aurelian F.
1692	VALDEZ, Carlo P.
1693	VALDEZ, Emmanuelle T.
1694	VALDEZ, Ernest Aaron P.
1695	VALDEZ, Jaylord Ascensio Q.
1696	VALDEZ, Jerico Roy B.
1697	VALDEZ, Sigfred Ray E.
1698	VALDEZ, Vivien Valerie V.
1699	VALDIVIA, Joan Christine C.
1700	VALENCIA, Mary Clydeen L.
1701	VALENCIA, Michaela R.
1702	VALENDEZ, Mikko Gabriel L.
1703	VALENZUELA, Mica Marie J.
1704	VALERA, Alexander Julio V.
1705	VALEÑA, Maria Patricia Arnelle S.
1706	VALLEDOR, Coreine Imee B.
1707	VALLEDOR, John Orion William D.
1708	VALLEGA, Pengie Mae A.
1709	VANSLEMBROUCK, Marian M.
1710	VARDELEON, Solomon Michael P.
1711	VARGAS, Glen Archibald A.
1712	VELASCO, Gian Carlo B.
1713	VELASCO, Mary Zoelli R.
1714	VELASCO, Rene John M.
1715	VELASQUEZ, Nathalie Irene M.
1716	VELEZ, Teodoro Jon A.
1717	VELEÑA, Virtus Gavril D.
1718	VENTURANZA, Maria Q.
1719	VERGARA, Althea A.
1720	VERGARA, Don Melvin N.
1721	VERGARA, Princes Katherine C.
1722	VERGARA, Vanessa Gloria S.
1723	VERGARA, III, Donato U.
1724	VIADNES, Lino P.
1725	VIADUMANG, Darwin S.
1726	VICEDO, Lorena C.
1727	VICENTE-DELOS REYES, Glaiza M.
1728	VIDAL, Pearl Marjorie G.
1729	VIEDOR, Paola Marie C.
1730	VIERNES, Ed Kristopher O.
1731	VIERNES, Wayne T.
1732	VILLACAMPA, Ron Jesus M.
1733	VILLAFLORES, Rosalie M.
1734	VILLAFUERTE, Beatriz C.
1735	VILLAFUERTE, Diana Jean T.
1736	VILLALOBOS-PADUADA, Riza T.
1737	VILLAMANTE, Christian L.
1738	VILLAMAYOR, Krystel M.
1739	VILLAMAYOR, Milcielo Claire S.
1740	VILLAMOR, April Dawn B.
1741	VILLAMOR, Maria Riva R.
1742	VILLAMOR, Raphael C.
1743	VILLAMOR, JR., Alexis Ailex C.
1744	VILLANIS, Milalyn E.
1745	VILLANUEVA, April V.
1746	VILLANUEVA, Ariadne Rauz F.
1747	VILLANUEVA, Artkario Bian L.
1748	VILLANUEVA, Bea Therese P.
1749	VILLANUEVA, Chezkania Eden C.
1750	VILLANUEVA, Dardecs N.
1751	VILLANUEVA, Deborah G.
1752	VILLANUEVA, Ser G.
1753	VILLANUEVA-GRANADO, Venus Leilani M.
1754	VILLARAZA, Reinald Kurt E.
1755	VILLAREAL, Mark Arvill A.
1756	VILLARIN, Maria Luisa S.
1757	VILLARIN, Maria Paula S.
1758	VILLARIVERA, Agnes C.
1759	VILLAROMAN-CATAHAN, Christgilda E.
1760	VILLARUEL, Aura Madonna B.
1761	VILLAVERT, Raphaelo B.
1762	VILLEGAS, Kenn Henri C.
1763	VILLEGAS, Maria Leonila B.
1764	VILLEGAS, William L.
1765	VINO, Paulo I.
1766	VIRAY, Jocelyn V.
1767	VISMANOS, JR., Pascual E.
1768	VISPO, Virson A.
1769	VISTO, Ian Rex M.
1770	VITO, Jeremiah A.
1771	VITO, Michael Allan Poe C.
1772	VITUG, Jonathan B.
1773	VITUG, Ruby Lucielle S.
1774	VIÑAS, Joyette A.
1775	WANGET, Ranjan Kalyl U.
1776	WIJANGCO, Erika Diane M.
1777	WONG, Elaine O.
1778	YABON, Bernadeth S.
1779	YANO, Glenda A.
1780	YAP, Christopher Henry M.
1781	YAP, Jan Philippe B.
1782	YAPIT, Clyde Ciddrick S.
1783	YARCIA, Lee Edson P.
1784	YARISANTOS, Jenivie G.
1785	YLANAN, June Erek C.
1786	YOU, Jerico Gail M.
1787	YPARRAGUIRRE, Rey P.
1788	YSMAEL, Johayra C.
1789	YU, Ralph Samuel T.
1790	YULO, Juan Bernardo Z.
1791	YUMUL, Wally Ann D.
1792	ZABALA, Benjie D.
1793	ZAFE, John Dominic Z.
1794	ZAMORA, Joed Marice V.
1795	ZAPANTA, John Yuri
1796	ZAPATA, Joseph Samuel V.
1797	ZARA, JR., Loreto Z.
1798	ZERRUDO, Danielle Jay M.
1799	ZOLINA, Jarena Ria Z.
1800	ZOZOBRADO, James Adam S.

Readers of my blog may wonder why I would post this.  It isn't to generate clicks.  But that the 2018 Bar Exam is very special to me because this was the exam I took and passed with flying colors.

UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO, INC. vs. BANGKO SENTRAL NG PILIPINAS, ET AL.

G.R. No. 194964-65, January 11, 2016

Leonen, J. Second Division

Topic: Delay; Demand; Unenforceable contract

Nature: Appeal from a Decision of the CA

FACTS:

The University of Mindanao is an Educational Institution. It was chaired by Sps. Torres in the year 1982. Before then, the Sps. Torres incorporated and operated 2 thrift banks, FISLAI and DSLAI. In 1982, BSP issued standby emergency credit for FISLAI and DSLAI. This credit was evidenced by 3 promissory notes (PNs). The University of Mindanao executed a deed of real estate mortgage over its property which served as security for the thrift banks' credit. The mortgage was signed by the Vice President of the university who presented a secretary's certificate showing that he was authorized to enter into the mortgages. FISLAI and DSLAI eventually had to enter rehabilitation and were merged into Mindanao Savings and Loan Association (MSLAI). MSLAI failed to recover and was liquidated. BSP thus informed the University of Mindanao that it would foreclose the mortgaged properties.

Thus, petitioner university filed two complaints for nullification and cancellation of mortgage: one at the RTC of Iligan and another at Davao. The petitioner claims that they never received the proceeds of any loan from BSP and that it never authorized the VP to mortgage any property. Both courts ruled in favor of Petitioner and declared the Real Estate Mortgage void. On appeal, the CA consolidated both cases and ruled in favor of respondent. The CA held that Petitioner was estopped from denying the authority of its VP, that the annotations on the titles of Petitioner’s property served as constructive notice and that there was implied ratification and that since the secretary’s certificates were notarized, they enjoyed a presumption of regularity. Hence this petition for review.

ISSUE:

1. Whether or not the action had prescribed.

2. Whether or not the petitioner had validly delegated the power to mortgage to its VP Petalcorin.

3. Whether or not the act of mortgaging the property was ratified by petitioner.

HELD:

1. NO, the action had not yet prescribed.

Prescription is the mode of acquiring or losing rights through the lapse of time. Its purpose is “to protect the diligent and vigilant, not those who sleep on their rights.” The prescriptive period for actions on mortgages is ten (10) years from the day they may be brought. Actions on mortgages may be brought not upon the execution of the mortgage contract but upon default in payment of the obligation secured by the mortgage.

A debtor is considered in default when he or she fails to pay the obligation on due date and, subject to exceptions, after demands for payment were made by the creditor. Article 1169 of the Civil Code provides:

ART. 1169. Those obliged to deliver or to do something incur in delay from the time the obligee judicially or extrajudicially demands from them the fulfillment of their obligation.

However, the demand by the creditor shall not be necessary in order that delay may exist:

(1) When the obligation or the law expressly so declare; or

(2) When from the nature and the circumstances of the obligation it appears that the designation of the time when the thing is to be delivered or the service is to be rendered was a controlling motive for the establishment of the contract; or

(3) When demand would be useless, as when the obligor has rendered it beyond his power to perform.

Article 1193 of the Civil Code provides that an obligation is demandable only upon due date. In other words, as a general rule, a person defaults and prescriptive period for action runs when (1) the obligation becomes due and demandable; and (2) demand for payment has been made. The prescriptive period neither runs from the date of the execution of a contract nor does the prescriptive period necessarily run on the date when the loan becomes due and demandable. Prescriptive period runs from the date of demand, subject to certain exceptions.

In this case, the running of the prescriptive period for respondent’s action on the mortgages did not start when it executed the mortgage contracts with Petitioner in 1982. In view of the termination of the existence of one of the corporations, demand was rendered unnecessary, thus prescription would start to run in 1990, the due date of the contract. Therefore, respondent had until 2000 in order to institute an action on the mortgage contract. However, under Article 1155, respondent actually interrupted, the running of the prescriptive period when it sent its demand letter to petitioner on June 18, 1999.

2. NO. The relationship between a corporation and its representatives is governed by the general principles of agency. Article 1317 of the Civil Code provides that there must be authority from the principal before anyone can act in his or her name. Hence, without delegation by the board of directors or trustees, acts of a person—including those of the corporation’s directors, trustees, shareholders, or officers—executed on behalf of the corporation are generally not binding on the corporation. The effect of a lack of authority is that under Art. 1317 and 1403, the contract becomes unenforceable.

In this case, the trial courts found that the Secretary’s Certificate and board resolution were either non-existent or fictitious and that a board meeting giving the powers never occurred. The court is bound by the findings of fact of the trial courts.

3. NO. Ratification converts an agents unauthorized act, into an act of the principal. It is a voluntary and deliberate confirmation or adoption of a previously unauthorized act. No act by petitioner can be interpreted as anything close to ratification. It was not shown that it issued a resolution ratifying the execution of the mortgage contracts. It was not shown that it received proceeds of the loans secured by the mortgage contracts. There was also no showing that it received any consideration for the execution of the mortgage contracts. It even appears that petitioner was unaware of the mortgage contracts until respondent notified it of its desire to foreclose the mortgaged properties.

WHEREFORE, the Petition is GRANTED. The Court of Appeals' Decision dated December 17, 2009 is REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The Regional Trial Courts' Decisions of November 23, 2001 and December 7, 2001 are REINSTATED.

SPOUSES JAIME AND MATILDE POON v. PRIME SAVINGS BANK REPRESENTED BY THE PHILIPPINE DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION AS STATUTORY LIQUIDATOR

G.R. No. 183794; June 13, 2016

Sereno. J., First Division

Topic: Contracts with a penal clause; Fortuitous Event

Nature: Appeal from a decision of the CA

FACTS:

The petitioners owned a commercial building. They executed a 10-year contract of lease over building with respondent Prime Savings Bank for the latter to use it as a branch office. They agreed to a fixed monthly rental with an advance payment. The contract also provided:

Should the lease[d] premises be closed, deserted or vacated by the LESSEE, the LESSOR shall have the right to terminate the lease ...

x x x

The LESSOR shall thereupon have the right to enter into a new contract with another party. All advanced rentals shall be forfeited in favor of the LESSOR.

Three years later, the BSP placed respondent under receivership of the PDIC and eventually ordered its litigation. The respondent vacated petitioner’s building and PDIC then demanded return of the advance rentals. Petitioners refused to return the advanced rentals. Thus respondent commenced this case for rescission of contract and recovery of sum of money.

The RTC ruled in favor of Petitioners and ordered the partial rescission of the contract insofar as the advance payment was forfeited. It held that the PDIC’s closure of their business was a fortuitous event. The CA affirmed but applied Art. 1229 instead.

ISSUE:

1. Whether or not respondent may avail of the remedy of rescission.

2. Whether or not the closure of respondent’s business is a fortuitous event.

3. Whether or not the forfeiture of the advance rentals was a penal clause.

4. Whether or not the penalty may be equitably reduced.

HELD:

1. YES. Respondents are entitled to rescission. The legal remedy of rescission is by no means limited to the situations covered in Arts. 1381 and 1382. The New Civil Code actually uses the term “rescission” in two different contexts. The first refers to breach of contract under Art. 1191, also known as the remedy of “resolution”; the second is rescission by reason of lesion or economic prejudice under Art. 1381. The first is a principal action based on breach of a party, while the second is a subsidiary action. From the allegations of the complaint, it is clear that respondent’s right of action rests on the alleged abuse of petitioner’s right under the contract on the theory that petitioner tenaciously enforced their right to forfeit the advanced rentals which was in bad faith since they knew that respondent was already insolvent. IN other words, respondents are seeking rescission under Art. 1191.

2. NO. The closure of respondent’s business was neither a fortuitous or unforeseen event. In this case, for it to be considered a fortuitous event, there has to be bad faith or arbitrariness on the part of the BSP. Instead, its decision to place respondent under receivership and liquidation was pursuant to R.A. No. 7653, moreover, respondent was partially accountable for closure of its banking business. Neither is this case, a case of unforeseen event under Art. 1267. After all, parties to a contract are presumed to have assumed the risks of unfavorable developments. It is only in absolutely exceptional changes of circumstance therefore that equity demands assistance for the debtor. In Tagaytay Realty vs. Gacutan the requisites for the application of Art. 1267 are:

1. The event could not have been foreseen at the time of the execution of the contract.

2. It makes performance of the contract extremely difficult but not impossible.

3. It must not be due to the act of any of the parties.

4. The contract is for a future prestation.

The case explains that mere inconvenience, unexpected impediments, increased expenses or even pecuniary inability to fulfill an engagement will not relieve the obligor from an undertaking that it has knowingly and freely contracted. In this case, the first and third requisites are lacking. Since the lease was for 10 years, the parties should have considered the possibility of closure of business.

3. YES. The forfeiture clause in the contract is penal in nature. A provision is a penal clause if it calls for the forfeiture of any remaining deposit still in the possession of the lessor without prejudice to any other obligation still owing, in the event of the termination or cancellation of the agreement by reason of the lessee’s violation of any of the terms and conditions thereof. This kind of agreement may be validly entered into the by the parties. In this case, it is evident that the stipulation on the forfeiture of advance rentals is a penal in the sense that it provides for liquidated damages. The penalty for the premature termination of the contract works both ways. The penalty was to compel respondent to complete the 10-year term of the lease. Petitioners, too were similarly obliged to ensure the peaceful use of the building by respondent for the duration of the lease under paid of losing the remaining advance rentals paid by the respondent.

4. YES. A reduction of the penalty agreed upon by the parties is warranted under Article 1229 of the New Civil Code.

The general rule is that courts have no power to ease the burden of obligations voluntarily assumed by parties, just because things did not turn out as expected at the inception of the contract. It must be noted that this case was initiated by the PDIC in furtherance of its statutory role as the fiduciary of Prime Savings Bank. As the state-appointed receiver and liquidator, the PDIC is mandated to recover and conserve the assets of the foreclosed bank on behalf of the latter's depositors and creditors. In other words, at stake in this case are not just the rights of petitioners and the correlative liabilities of respondent lessee. Over and above those rights and liabilities is the interest of innocent debtors and creditors of a delinquent bank establishment. These overriding considerations justify the 50% reduction of the penalty agreed upon by petitioners and respondent lessee in keeping with Article 1229 of the Civil Code, which provides for an equitable reduction of the penalty in some cases.

Under the circumstances, it is neither fair nor reasonable to deprive depositors and creditors of what could be their last chance to recoup whatever bank assets or receivables the PDIC can still legally recover. Strict adherence to the doctrine of freedom of contracts, at the expense of the rights of innocent creditors and investors, will only work injustice rather than promote justice in this case.

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Petition for Review on Certiorari is DENIED. The Court of Appeals Decision dated 29 November 2007 and its Resolution dated 10 July 2008 in CA-G.R. CV No. 75349 are hereby MODIFIED in that legal interest at the rate of 6% per annum is imposed on the monetary award computed from the finality of this Decision until full payment.

THE ROLE OF CULTURE IN SOCIAL CHANGE OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Social change may be described as the development of a backward society into a more modern one.  This means that the society will develop more differentiated institutions and a more egalitarian structure.  For social change to occur, some authors believe that socioeconomic development has to happen first.  This makes the topic of social change interesting to those studying developing countries.

This essay seeks to draw the link between culture and social change and to apply it to the case of the Philippines at the macro level.  This essay will use the term modernization to describe the social change that is going on.

This essay shows that the relationship between culture and social change is a very complicated one and that it will be foolish to make the simplistic conclusion of culture as either a hindrance of a facilitator of social change.  There will certainly be some cultures that are more receptive to social change and others that are less tolerant of change.  Social change may also occur from outside the “mainstream culture”—i.e. coming from subcultures and even from diaspora communities.  Social change may even be “planned” such as when government imposes a language policy.  The main lesson this essay would like to impress is that one should never disregard culture in modernization of society.  A culture may adopt well to a modernizing environment while another culture may hinder modernization from taking place, in which case, culture and modernization must be reconciled by looking for techniques or processes that make use of the existing elements of the culture of that society.

Culture and Society

Culture may be defined as a set of values, norms, traditions and language in social structure (Geertz, 1973).  Culture also has a set of sanctions (feelings like guilt or shame for example) that provides incentives for a society’s members to act according to what the culture prescribes.

A group of people that share a similar culture is called a society.  Members of society learn this culture and then pass it down from one generation to the next in what is known as socialization.  Socialization in turn is carried out in social structures known as institutions (Schaeffer, 2006).  In the Philippines, the major institutions that carry out socialization are the family, schools and religious institutions (Wurfel, 1988).  Thus one can say that institutions are the means through which culture is transmitted and society is formed.  In this case, social change is heavily dependent on social institutions.

For this essay, I will use the term “modernization” to describe social change.  Some authors would use modernization and social change synonymously, however, there is a normative connotation with the word modernization whereas social change refers to any change whether good or bad (Haferkamp & Smelser, 1992).  A modern society must thus be described as one in which institutions have become more differentiated and specialized; human behavior becomes more rational and; society generally becomes more secular.

Social change is seen in changes in social structure and social institutions. In a traditional society, social structure places emphasis on authority. As society modernizes, it increasingly places greater emphasis on bargaining relations:  meaning that a society will, over time, come to prefer democracy over authoritarianism; gender equality over gender bias; greater value of self-expression; etc. (Inglehart & Welzel, 2005).

Lastly, social change occurs together with socio-economic development. This means that an increase in productivity and income has to occur before specialization, differentiation and shift in social structure takes place (Inglehart & Welzel, 2005).  Thus, for a developing country, in order to have social change, it would have to uplift the lives of the majority of its people.

Culture and Modernization in a Developing Country:  Path Dependence?

Given the above relationship between culture and social change, in a developing country, we can arrive at the generalization:  “Cultural traditions are enduring”  In other words, there is such a thing as “path dependence” in social change.  In other words, a society’s culture three generations ago may still manifest itself in the present (Inglehart & Welzel, 2005).  This explains why countries with the same religion one-hundred years ago, seem to share the same development history (for example, the Islamic Middle East and Roman Catholic Latin America) and even though a country becomes secularized and religion no longer plays a significant role, its influence is still seen in the values that a society holds (For example, resistance to divorce and Abortion in predominantly Catholic European countries until recent times and the role of women in the Islamic Middle East).

Traditional cultures are generally wary of innovation and tend to protect the status quo.  Therefore, the inability of some societies to cope with pressures stemming from modernization may simply be due to “culture lag” or when the non-material aspects of culture have not yet adjusted to changes in technology or other influences (Shaefer, 2006).

Thus, culture in terms of a developing country can be conceptualized as a constraint to modernization.  The solution in this case would be to work around the problem, i.e. developing production processes that use local know-how and and available raw materials such as through the making of local crafts for export, and, as in the case of the Japanese Zaibatsu, utilize pre-existing social networks in order to make enterprise work.

While cultures and traditions may be enduring, they are also subject to change.  For example, the authoritarian values that the mainland Chinese held may erode as their culture modernizes.

Modernization in the Philippines

The Philippines has its own very specific experiences in relation to culture and modernization.  In this article, we look at Philippine Language policies and the role of diaspora communities in the propagation of a “modern society.”

Language

In the context of this macro-level analysis of Philippine culture, language policy is very significant.  Language acts as the vehicle through which culture is transmitted to other members of society.  Institutions will not function without some form of language.  The institution of education will be particularly affected by any language policy.

Language is one area in which social change may be stunted or facilitated.  Depending on the context, the institution of a national language may facilitate the modernization of society through the introduction of specialized technical vocabulary and the writing of scientific literature.  One can also see what values, norms and traditions a society values by studying the vocabulary the language of that society contains.  Languages also expand their vocabularies over time in response to new developments in science, production processes and ways of life—a society’s level of advancement may be measured in terms of the number of words its language contains relating to philosophical, scientific, technical or other abstract concepts as well as the size of its literary corpus.

Throughout history, states have often embarked on language policies in order to facilitate communication throughout its territory.  Notable examples are the French who almost completely wiped out non-Parisian French and instituted the Académie Française in 1634 in order to regulate the French language and to keep it pure.  Spain also embarked on a similar policy of establishing and propagating the Castillian dialect through the Real Academia Española (founded in 1713).  Castillian Spanish was also propagated throughout its colonies and regulated by the same academy.  These measures facilitated communication within their countries and also fostered a sense of nationalism and a sense of belonging to a society and culture.  In the Philippines, when Tagalog was chosen as the national language, the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa was established and this was expected to fill the same role as the language academies of France and Spain.

To be sure, the language situation in the Philippines is less homogenous as contemporary France and Spain.  From the beginning, there were many languages and dialects spoken in pre-hispanic times.  When the Spanish came, they learned these many languages and used them to spread the gospel, and never seriously attempted to impose Spanish on the natives.  Thus, the native dialects were preserved and formalized.

When the Philippines came under American rule, English was first used as a medium of instruction and communication.  It was taught to the masses of Filipinos during the American period.  During the Commonwealth, Tagalog was chosen as the “National Language” of the Philippines.  One of the reasons for its choosing was that Tagalog had the most well developed literature and vocabulary of other Philippine languages.¹  At the time the Philippines was granted independence from America in 1946 and up to today, the Philippines has underwent many different language teaching policies.  This ranged from bilingual education at all levels to Tagalog/Filipino/Vernacular education at the early grades (Asuncion-Lande, 1971).

These language policies has been linked by educators to the poor performance of Filipino students relative to other countries.  Whereas students in other countries may learn in their native language, Filipinos have to learn in a foreign language, even in their formative years.  This stunts the ability of students to think properly and to use both the mother tongue and other foreign languages.  At the present, Philippine education recognizes the educational value of local dialects in promoting “mother tongue” education in the first grade.

Therefore, culture may also be subjected to government planning, at least to the institutional level of Education (more basal institutions such as the Family maybe somewhat more difficult to penetrate and manipulate).  The effects may not be optimal, but the point is that it may be manipulated by factors external to the culture itself.

Subcultures and Diaspora

One cannot assume that a society is homogenous.  There will be those members who belong to subcultures, there will also be those who exist outside of the traditional boundaries associated with a society or diaspora.  these two divisions in culture have roles to play in social change.

Subcultures are those groups that exist within a society which distinguish themselves from that society by having “different patterns of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of larger society” (Schaeffer, 2006: 44).  In the Philippines, Wurfel (1988) lists down two major subcultures, the Chinese and the Muslim.  in the case of the Chinese subculture, they exert n influence in society disproportionate to their population and distribution by virtue of their economic power and international connections.  the Muslim subculture on the other hand is marginalized, economically and politically compared to the rest of the Philippine society.  The existence of these two subcultures seems to challenge the dominant social norms:  Muslims dream of a “Bangsa Moro,” which opposes the very idea of being a “Filipino”; while the Chinese maintain economic and diplomatic ties to Chine while contributing to social change though their efforts in economic activities.

A culture’s diaspora can also serve as a source of social change.  These groups  of people who belong to the larger society while living living in a different culture would develop a unique way of looking at the world because of their exposure to different cultures.  This diaspora may have the ability to look at the society in which they belonged and compare it to the society which adopted them.  If this diaspora returns, they can bring with them new ideas.  This is the principle underlying John Lie’s (2001) claim that nationalist movements often originate from a diaspora.  This can also apply to the case of social change, a society may apply what is learned from one culture to their own, thus bringing about social change.  This happened to the Philippines in the 1880s-1890s when the Ilustrados in Spain dreamed up the idea of a “Philippines.”  It is also expected that the current diaspora, should they return to the Philippines, bring with them what they learned from abroad.

Conclusion

One can see that social change is a complicated process.  Culture is made up of the values, norms, language and sanctions of a society.  Social change will be dependent on the conservatism or openness of that society as well as the knowledge already contained within that society.  A developing country is disadvantaged in the sense that its indigenous culture may not be open to adopting modern economic and political processes that are known to work well in other countries.  This can be solved not by adopting the process wholesale, but to adopt it in such a fashion that it is compatible with the existing culture.  Alternatively, a country can embark on cultural policies aimed at developing culture although the track record shows that this contains many uncertainties and often fails.

References

Asuncion-Lande, N. (1971).  “Multilingualism, politics and “filipinism””.  Asian Survey.  11(7), 677-692

Geertz, C. (1973).  The interpretation of culture.  New York:  Basic Books

Haferkamp, H. & Smelser, N. (1992).  “Introduction.”  In Social change and modernity.  H. Haferkamp & N. Smelser (Eds.). University of California

Inglehart, R. & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, cultural change and democracy:  The human development sequence. Cambridge

Lie. J. (2001).  “Diasporic Nationalism.”  Cultural Studies, 1(3), 355-362

Schaefer, R. (2006). Sociology Matters 2nd ed. McGraw Hill

Wurfel, D. (1988).  Filipino politics:  Development and decay.  Cornell University Press

1The selection of Tagalog is interesting in the discussion because it was selected because it was supposedly well-developed or more “modern.” Social change may be seen as the object of the propagation of a more modern culture in this case.

GREAT PACIFIC LIFE CORPORATION vs. COURT OF APPEALS

G.R. No. L-31845; April 30, 1979

FACTS:

On March 14, 1957, the private respondent Ngo Hing (Hing) filed an application with Great Pacific Life (Pacific Life) for a twenty year endowment policy on the life of his one-year old daughter. Hing gave the amount of the annual premium to the Branch Manager of Pacific Life, petitioner Mondragon. A binding deposit receipt was thereafter issued to Hing, likewise the Mondragon handwrote at the bottom of the page of his insurance application a strong recommendation for approval. Then on April 30, 1957, Mondragon received a letter from Pacific Life informing him of the disapproval of the application stating that the policy is not available to persons below 7 years old and instead recommended a different policy for the approval of Hing.

Mondragon did not communicate the disapproval to Hing and instead wrote back to Pacific Life strongly recommending the approval of the policy. It was then that Hing’s daughter died because of influenza. Hing tried to collect the proceeds of the insurance, which Pacific Life refused to pay.

The CFI ruled in favor of the suit for recovery of money filed by Hing and ordered the payment of the insurance proceeds.

ISSUES:

1. Whether or not the binding deposit receipt constituted a temporary contract of life insurance;

2. Whether or not Hing concealed the state of health and physical condition of his daughter.

HELD:

1. NO. The fine print at the back of the binding deposit receipt provides that it only constitutes a temporary contract only when the company is satisfied that the applicant is insurable according to the standard rates or upon offer and acceptance of a different policy. Said binding deposit receipt does not bind the company if the application was eventually rejected. It is merely conditional and does not insure outright. In this case, since Pacific Life eventually disapproved the application, the binding deposit receipt in question had never become in force at any time.

As held in earlier cases, “a contract of insurance, … must be assented to by both parties either in person or by their agents….”

2. YES. The facts show that when Hing supplied the data for the insurance application, he was fully aware that his one-year old daughter was a mongoloid child—a congenital defect which could not be hidden or disguised. Nevertheless, Hing withheld such material fact from the company, which he knows he had the responsibility to disclose. The contract of insurance is one of perfect good faith (uberrima fides) meaning good faith; absolute and perfect candor or openness and honesty; the absence of any concealment or deception however slight. Concealment is the neglect to communicate that which a party knows and ought to communicate. The concealment entitles the insurer to rescind the contract of insurance.

Wherefore, the Court held that no insurance contract was perfected between the parties.

Technorati Tags: Life Insurance,Insurance,Case Digest

ENRIQUEZ VS. SUN LIFE INSURANCE OF CANADA

G.R. No. L-15895; November 29, 1920

FACTS:

This is an action made by the adminstrator of the estate of Joaquin Herrer of P6,000.00 paid by the deceased for a life annuity on the ground that the contract for a life annuity had not been perfected.

Joaquin Herrer made an application with Sun Life for a life annuity. He paid the amount of P6,000.00 to the Manila manager who gave him a "provisional" receipt "subject to medical examination and approval of the Company's Central Office." The application was forwarded to the head office in Canada and the policy was issued on December 4, 1917 in Canada. Meanwhile, on December 18, 1917, Herrer's attorney wrote to the Manila Office stating that Herrer wanted to withdraw his application to which the office wrote a letter dated November 26, 1917 stating that the policy had already been issued. The letter was received by the attorney on December 21, 1917. Herrer had died a day earlier on December 20, 1920.

The trial court ruled that the contract had been perfected, hence this appeal.

ISSUES:

1. Whether or not the policyholder had received notice of the acceptance of his policy;

2. Whether or not the contract of life annuity was perfected.

HELD:

1. NO. The facts clearly show that Herrer was not informed of the acceptance of the policy before his death.

2. NO. The contract was not perfected. Art. 1262 provides that acceptance by letter does not bind the person making the offer except from the time it came to his knowledge. The pertinent fact is that according to the provisional receipt, the insurance company had to: 1) conduct a medical examination; 2) had to obtain the head office's approval; and 3) somehow communicate such approval. It is true that the letter notifying acceptance was deposited in the post office, but the fact of notification is a rebuttable presumption and the facts clearly show that Herrer never received the notice of the acceptance before his death.

Technorati Tags: Insurance,Life Annuity

COULD THE DENGVAXIA TRAGEDY HAVE BEEN AVOIDED?:

What might have been had Noynoy Aquino been Impeached in 2015.

Back in 2015, nobody knew of the human drama and tragedy that was about to unfold involving some 800,000 school children and their families and of the waste of some 3.5 Billion pesos worth of taxpayer’s money.  I am of course, referring to the Dengvaxia controversy.

(Source:  CNN Philippines)

Well documented are the meetings President Aquino and his Cabinet secretaries had with Sanofi, makers of the vaccine.  It is also clear as day that regardless of the merits of the Dengvaxia vaccine, its procurement was railroaded and implemented in record time.  The whole purchase reeks of irregularity and of an administration drunk with impunity.

The timeline for this purchase was around November 2014, when the first meeting between President Aquino and Sanofi executives took place in China. Within the year, Sanofi arranged to have the drug included in the Philippine National Formulary even if it had not undergone sufficient testing.  Then, in a blitz on December 2015, Aquino and DOH Secretary Janette Garin met with Sanofi official, submitted a proposal to the DBM for its purchase and licensed the drug as a Dengue Vaccine for “all types of Individuals from 9-45 years old living in high-risk areas.”

It is simply chilling and mind-boggling to learn that this tragedy was very nearly avoided.

We recall back in July of 2014, there was a move to impeach then President Noynoy Aquino over the Disbursement Allocation Plan (DAP) controversy.  Three complaints, one filed by Oliver Lozano, another filed by Buboy Syjuco and another filed by Neri Colmenares.  The impeachment complaint was unsurprisingly thrown out in September of that year by the highly sympathetic House of Representatives.  Had the impeachment succeeded in gaining traction, the impeachment may very well have prevented the tragedy that was to become Dengvaxia.  Worse may have been that the failure of the impeachment may have further emboldened Aquino, who, unsurprisingly, used the same DAP playbook in raising the funds for Dengvaxia.

(A news report from that time)

Some have argued that the same would have been a waste of time, as it was already the twilight of Benigno Aquino III’s administration.  We could weather whatever incompetence and “Noynoying” that was about to come right?  Political stability was the more important concern back then.

Let us mull the irony of this argument for a moment.

Of course, one shouldn’t impeach an official on the basis of preventing something he/she might do just as much as one shouldn’t withhold impeachment on the argument that his/her term is about to end.  We punish an official on the basis of what he/she has done and not on the basis of damage potential.

To Impeach or not to Impeach

The takeaway is this:  It is never too late in the day to impeach an official.  Once that person has committed an impeachable offense, it is time to let him go, regardless of the damage he might or might not do.